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VOL.  XXXVII. 


AUGUST,  1929 


THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  MONUMENT  AT  GETTYSBURG 
Dedicated  July  3,  1929.  (See  page  286.) 


282 


^opfederat^  l/eterai) 


LEADING  ARTICLES  IN  THIS  NUMBER. 


Stratford  Hall.  (Poem.)  By  Louise  Lathrop 283 

Our  Southern  Mocking  Bird.  (Poem.)  By  Robert  Vestal 284 

Matron  of  Honor,  U.  C.  V 285 

The  Crimson  Battle  Flag.  (Poem.)  By  Mary  Johnson  Posey 285 

North  Carolina  at  Gettysburg 286 

Gen.  Cortez  A.  Kitchen,  U.  "C.  V 289 

The  Old  Free  State.  By  Capt.  S.  A.  Ashe 290 

Jim  Peake — Missouri  Cavalryman.  By  James  A.  Payne 291 

In  the  Mississippi  Campaigns.  By  R.  A.  Lambert 292 

After  Sixty-Five  Years.  By  Mrs.  A.  S.  Porter 294 

With  the  Palmetto  Riflemen.  By  Capt.  P.  A.  McDavid 298 

Why  Fort  Donelson  Was  Surrendered.  By  Robert  M.  Hughes 300 

Confederate  Memorial  Day.  ''(Poem!1)  By  Dr.  C.  M.  Capps 304 

Another  View  on  Slavery.  By  D.  J.  Cater 318 

Departments:  Last  Roll 304 

U.  D.  C 310 

C.  S.  M.  A 314 

S.  C.  V 316 


PAYMENTS  ON  WAR  DEBTS. 

Payment  of  $80,109,385.95  was  re- 
ceived by  the  Treasury  recently  from 
eleven  foreign  nations,  constituting 
regular  semiannual  installments  on  the 
principal  of  war  debts,  together  with 
interest  for  the  past  six  months.  Only 
$858,876.19  of  the  receipts  was  in 
cash,  the  balance  being  made  up  in 
Treasury  notes. 

The  bulk  of  the  payment  came  from 
Great  Britain,  and  amounted  to  $66,- 
795,000. . Other  payments  were  those 
of  Italy,  $5,000,000;  Belgium,  $4,200,- 
000;  Czechoslovakia,  $1,500,000; 
Esthonia,  $125,000;  Finland,  $100,680; 
Hungary,  $28,973.40;  Latvia,  $45,000; 
Lithuania,  $84,732.55;  Poland,  $1,- 
500,000;  Rumania,  $500,000;  and  Jugo- 
slavia, $200,000. 

All  of  the  payments  were  made  in 
conformity  with  agreements  reached 
during  debt  negotiations,  and  in  some 
cases  constituted  solely  payments  of 
interest  and  in  others  solely  payments 
of  principal. — National  Tribune. 


The  widow  of  J.  R.  Stephens  is 
trying  to  get  a pension,  but  can  give 
no  information  on  his  service.  She 
lives  at  Berry,  Ala.,  Route  No.  2,  and 
anyone  who  recalls  him  as  a Con- 
federate soldier  will  please  write  to  her 
there. 


Mrs.  W.  J.  Estes,  of  Sharon,  Tenn., 
will  be  glad  to  hear  from  any  comrade 
or  any  friend  familiar  with  the  war 
record  of  her  father,  W.  E.  (William) 
Thomas,  who  served  under  General 
Forrest  the  last  two  years  of  the  war. 
He  enlisted  at  Brice’s  Crossroads  and 
went  from  Decatur  County. 


C.  B.  Dollarhide,  American  Legion, 
418  Capitol  Building,  Oklahoma  City, 
Okla.,  writes  in  the  interest  of  the 
widow  of  Henry  Harrison  Baldwin, 
who  is  in  need  of  a pension.  Her 
husband  enlisted  at  Fairfield,  Gentry 
County,  Mo.,  in  1861,  under  General 
Price;  his  captain  was  _ Jack  Patton. 
Any  information  of  his  service  will  be 
appreciated. 

Collins  Hull,  5700  Danneel  Street, 
New  Orleans,  La.,  is  greatly  interested 
in  establishing  his  father’s  record  as  a 
Confederate  soldier  and  will  appreciate 
hearing  from  anyone  who  remembers 
him  as  such.  D.  J.  Hull  served  with 
Company  D,  4th  Louisiana  Regiment, 
the  Rosedale  Guards,  under  Col.  P.  H. 
Barrow,  recruited  in  Bayou  Sara,  La. 
He  understands  there  is  a book  on 
this  company  and  would  like  to  get  it. 


Rev.  Waldo  W.  Moore,  pastor  of  the 
Methodist  Church  at  Osyka,  Miss., 
would  like  to  recover  his  father’s 
sword,  taken  from  him  when  captured 
on  June  6,  1864,  in  the  fighting  around 
Atlanta.  His  father  was  Capt.  Andrew 
McNary  Moore,  Company  I,  40th 
Alabama  Regiment,  and  his  name  and 
command  were  engraved  on  the  sword. 
He  was  in  prison  at  Johnson’s  Island. 


Daniel  C.  Galloway  enlisted  for 
service  in  the  Confederate  army  at 
West  Plains,  Mo.,  Howell  County,  in 
1861,  under  Captain  Armstrong,  2nd 
Missouri  Infantry,  McBride’s  Division. 
He  is  now  trying  to  locate  some  com- 
rade or  friend  of  war  days  who  can 
testify  to  his  service.  Address  him  at 
Elk  City,  Okla. 


J.  A.  Joel  & Co. 


SILK  AND  BUNTING 
FLAGS  AND  BANNERS 
U.  S.,  CONFEDERATE, 
AND  STATE  FLAGS 
SPECIAL  FLAGS  AND 
BANNERS  MADE  TO 
ORDER  AT  SHORT 
NOTICE 


147  Fulton  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


William  and  Mary  Quarterly 

HISTORICAL  MAGAZINE 

Published  by  the  College  of  William  and  Mary. 
Williamsburg,  Va. 

EDITORS 

J.  A.  C.  CHANDLER 
President  William  ond  Mary  College 
E.  G.  SWEM 

Librarian  William  and  Mary  College 

The  purpose  of  the  QUARTERLY  is  to  print 
new  information  relating  to  the  history  of  Vir- 
ginia.   

ISSUED  QUARTERLY 
Subscription,  $4.00  Single  copy,  $ 1.00 


The  Life  of 

THE  GALLANT  PELHAM 

By  PHILIP  MERCER 
Price,  $1.50,  Postpaid 
Order  From- 

The  J.W.  Burke  Go.,  Macon,  Ga. 


R.  H.  McConnell,  of  Thornburg, 
Iowa,  wishes  to  get  a list  of  the  men 
who  enlisted  in  a company  of  State 
Guards  at  Marshall,  Saline  County, 
Mo.,  early  in  1861;  transferred  to  the 
Confederate  service  in  July  of  same 
year;  thought  to  have  served  under  a 
Capt.  John  D.  Brinker  (said  to  have 
been  part  Cherokee  Indian),  10th 
Missouri  Cavalry.  Anyone  who  can 
furnish  such  list  or  other  information 
of  the  company  will  please  write  to 
him. 


H.  C.  Field,  8 Arlington  Road, 
Wellesley  Hills,  Mass.,  is  trying  to 
locate  some  survivors  of  Company  A 
(Rock  City  Guards),  1st  Tennessee 
Regiment,  under  Col.  George  Maney 
(later  General).  Comrade  Field  was 
one  of  the  original  members,  but  he 
was  taken  sick  at  Hot  Springs,  Va., 
discharged,  and  returned  to  Nashville, 
which  was  soon  after  in  the  hands  of 
the  Federals.  He  then  went  to  Chatta- 
nooga, and  there  joined  Morton’s 
Battery,  of  Forrest’s  command,  and 
with  it  served  to  the  end  of  the  war. 


Qopfedera^  V/eterap 


PUBLISHED  MONTHLY  IN  THE  INTEREST  OF  CONFEDERATE  ASSOCIATIONS  AND  KINDRED  TOPICS. 


Entered  as  second-class  matter  at  the  post  office  at  Nashville,  Tenn., 
under  act  of  March  3,  1879. 

Acceptance  of  maiing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for  in  Sec- 
tion 1 103,  act  of  October  3,  1917,  and  authorized  on  July  S,  1918. 

Published  by  the  Trustees  of  the  Confederate  Veteran,  Nash- 
ville, Tenn. 


OFFICIALLY  REPRESENTS: 

United  Confederate  Veterans, 

United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy, 

Confederated  Southern  Memorial  Association! 
Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans. 


Though  men  deserve,  they  may  not  win,  success; 

The  brave  will  honor  the  brave,  vanquished  none  the  less. 


Sing^CopyH"  Cents. } VOL.  XXXVII.  NASHVILLE,  TENN.,  AUGUST,  1929 


vr0  q /S.  A.  CUNNINGHAM 

INO.  o.  ^ Founder. 


UNITED  CONFEDERATE  VETERANS. 


STRATFORD  HALL. 


GENERAL  OFFICERS. 

Gen.  R.  A.  Sneed,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla Commander  in  Chief 

Gen.  H.  R.  Lee,  Nashville,  Tenn Adjutant  General  and  Chief  of  Staff 

Mrs.  W.  B.  Kernan,  7219  Elm  Street.  New  Orleans,  La. 

Assistant  to  the  Adjutant  General 
Gen.  W.  D.  Matthews,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla Chaplain  General 


DEPARTMENT  COMMANDERS. 

Gen.  Homer  Atkinson,  Petersburg,  Va Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

Gen.  L.  W.  Stephens,  Coushatta,  La Army  of  Tennessee 

Gen.  R.  D.  Chapman,  Houston,  Tex Trans-Mississippi 


DIVISION  COMMANDERS. 


Alabama — Tuscaloosa 

Arkansas — Little  Rock 

Florida — Tallahassee 

Georgia — Atlanta 

Kentucky — Richmond 

Louisiana — Shreveport 

Maryland — Washington,  D.  C. 

Mississippi — Summit 

Missouri — St.  Louis 

North  Carolina,  Ansonville. . . 

Oklahoma — Woodward 

South  Carolina — Greenville, . . 

Tennessee— Fayetteville 

Texas — Gonzales 

Virginia — Richmond 

West  Virginia — Lewisburg. . . . 
California — Los  Angeles 


.Gen.  John  R.  Kennedy 

Gen.  J.  W.  Hollis 

...  .Gen.  T.  J.  Appleyard 
. . . .Gen.  D.  B.  Freeman 
. . Gen.  N.  B.  Deatherage 

Gen.  W.  T.  Laseter 

. . . Gen.  N.  D.  Hawkins 
. . . Gen.  T.  L.  McGehee 


Gen.  W.  A.  Smith 

Gen.  J.  W.  Harris 

Gen.  W.  H.  Cely 

Gen.  T.  C.  Little 

Gen.  W.  M.  Atkinson 

.Gen.  William  McK.  Evans 
. . . Gen.  Thomas  H.  Dennis 
Gen.  S.  S.  Simmons 


HONORARY  APPOINTMENTS. 

Gen.  James  A.  Thomas,  Dublin,  Ga Honorary  Commander  for  Life 

Gen.  K.  M.  Van  Zandt,  Fort  Worth,  Tex Honorary  Commander  for  Life 

Gen.  W.  B.  Freeman,  Richmond,  Va Honorary  Commander  for  Life 

Gen.  M.  D.  Vance,  Little  Rock,  Ark Honorary  Commander  for  Life 

Gen.  A.  T.  Goodwyn,  Elmore,  Ala Honorary  Commander  for  Life 

Rev.  Giles  B.  Cooke,  Mathews,  Va Honorary  Chaplain  General  for  Life 


SENT  VETERANS  TO  THE  REUNION. 
Nine  members  of  the  A.  S.  Johnston  Camp,  U. 
C.  V.,  of  Beaumont,  Tex. — all  that  are  left  of  one 
hundred  members — attended  the  reunion  through 
the  generosity  of  Mr.  J.  Henry  Phelan,  philanthropic 
citizen  of  Beaumont  and  a native  of  Charlotte,  N. 
C. 


BY  LOUISE  LATHROP. 

“Non  Incautus  Futuri,”  motto  on  Lee  coat-of-arms. 
“Not  unmindful  of  the  future”  were  the  English 
Lees,  who  came  cavalierly  to  Virginia,  there  to 
found  an  honored  name. 

At  Stratford  Hall,  Westmoreland  County,  twin 
towers  still  their  turrets  rear, 

By  largesses  of  Nature’s  bounty,  a people's  pride 
was  cradled  there. 

Wrapt  in  calm  lethargic  slumber,  dreaming  hallowed 
dreams  of  yore 

Stratford  Hall,  tho’  years  may  plunder,  is  a shrine 
we  should  restore, 

Light  again  the  darkened  places  in  the  blue  Vir- 
ginia hills — 

Every  aging  wall  embraces  hallowed  crypts  one 
image  fills. 

One  knightly  soul,  one  guardian  presence,  bids  a 
later  age  aspire 

To  a broader,  wiser  outlook,  to  treasure  peace  as 
heart’s  desire. 

Southern  ideals  can  be  cherished  only  where  the 
blameless  dwelt, 

Where  the  noblest  virtues  flourished,  where  sacri- 
ficial love  has  knelt. 

Pilgrims  should  see  more  than  beauty:  Shrines  of 
heroic  mold  and  cast, 

“Not  unmindful  of  the  future,”  deeply  reverent  of 
the  past. 


The  first  $50,000  payment  on  Stratford,  home  of 
the  Lees  of  Virginia,  was  completed  in  July,  and  pos- 
session of  the  estate  has  now  passed  to  the  Lee 
Memorial  Foundation. 


284 


^opfederat^  l/eterai). 


Qogfederat^  l/eteraij. 

Office:  Methodist  Publishing  House  Building,  Nashville,  Tenn, 
E.  D.  P O P E,  Editor. 


OUR  SOUTHERN  MOCKING  BIRD. 

He  sings  in  the  sunshine  and  the  rain, 

By  star  and  moon  and  candle  flame; 

He  sings  by  day,  he  sings  by  night, 

Our  feathered  king  of  happy  song, 

Whose  mirth  runs  on  from  morn  to  morn. 

He  sings  on  the  prairies  of  Texas, 

In  the  sighing  pines  by  the  sea, 

On  the  blue  grass  fields  of  Kentucky, 

’Mid  the  hills  of  our  own  Tennessee, 

He  tells  his  tale  of  mirthful  glee. 

List,  how  he  mocks  the  catbird, 

Now  hear  him  call  the  wren; 

And  then  he  warbles  soft  and  low 
A song  of  joy,  sorrow,  and  woe, 

Some  love  story  of  long,  long  ago. 

In  the  sunbeam’s  glory  at  early  dawn, 

As  it  glistens  on  the  dew-kissed  fields  of  corn, 

I hear  his  song  of  mad  delight, 

And  my  troubles  grow  less  and  my  cares  light, 
And  the  whole  world  seems  rosy  and  bright. 

In  the  darkest  hour  of  the  summer  night 
I hear  his  song  through  my  window  light; 

And  I lie  on  my  couch  with  peaceful  mind — 
And  the  night  slips  by  and  the  sun  does  shine. 
I^crown  him  king,  this  friend  of  mine! 

— Robert  Vestal. 


ECHOES  OF  THE  REUNION. 

A letter  from  Gen.  Edwin  Selvage,  Commander  of 
the  New  York  Camp  of  Confederate  Veterans,  gives 
his  appreciation  of  reunion  courtesies.  He  writes: 

“I  read  the  Veteran  for  July  with  much  pleasure. 
The  accounts  of  the  reunion  at  Charlotte  and  other 
things  were  worth  a year’s  subscription.  I have 
attended  many  of  the  reunions,  and  while  I have 
enjoyed  all  of  them,  I think  the  one  at  Charlotte 
could  not  be  beat.  The  people  seemed  to  take  the 
veterans  into  their  hearts  and  homes,  as  it  were,  and  I 
heard  nothing  but  praise  from  every  veteran  I met. 
And  I think  that  the  Confederate  Veteran  of 
July,  1929,  will  give  every  one  who  was  not  at  the 
reunion  a pretty  good  idea  of  how  the  old  boys  in 
gray  were  treated.  The  citizens  of  Charlotte,  old 


and  young,  vied  with  each  other  in  making  the  visi- 
tors in  gray  welcome.  The  various  committees  saw 
to  the  comfort  of  the  veterans. 

“When  we  were  at  Little  Rock  I noticed  how  fine 
the  arrangements  were,  and  the  good  work  of  the 
Boy  Scouts.  I found  that  the  reunion  committees, 
under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Edmund  R.  Wiles,  had 
been  training  them  in  their  duties,  and  I thought 
their  work  was  fine.  At  Charlotte  they  did  excellent 
work,  and  I congratulate  Mr.  Wiles  and  his  com- 
mittees on  the  splendid  manner  in  which  the  reunion 
was  carried  out  at  Charlotte.  May  we  have  many 
more  like  it. 

“I  have  been  a subscriber  to  the  Confederate 
Veteran  for  many  years  and  wish  to  continue  it 
while  I live.  Its  information  of  happenings  among 
the  veterans  and  its  love  for  our  Southland  deserve 
our  praise  and  the  support  of  every  veteran  and  lover 
of  the  South.” 


MARKERS  FOR  CONFEDERATE  GRAVES. 

As  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  on  February  26, 
1929,  by  which  markers  for  Confederate  graves 
higherto  unmarked  were  to  be  furnished  by  the 
United  States  Government,  carried  with  it  no  ap- 
propriation, that  purpose  on  the  part  of  the  govern- 
ment will  be  delayed  until  the  necessary  appropria- 
tion shall  have  been  made.  This  was  brought  out  in  a 
communication  from  Maj.  Gen.  B.  F.  Cheatham, 
Quartermaster  General,  U.  S.  A.,  to  Mrs.  Charles 
Schadt,  State  Chairman  of  this  work  for  the  Virginia 
Division,  U.  D.  C.,  who  has  so  notified  the  Chapters 
throughout  the  State.  She  has  also  advised  them 
that  the  work  in  marking  graves  as  outlined  at  the 
committee  meeting  in  April  would  go  on,  and  she 
urges  that  as  many  graves  as  possible  be  marked  in 
that  section.  It  will  be  from  one  to  five  years  before 
the  government  appropriation  is  available  and  the 
markers  ready  to  send  out. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA  IN  STATUARY  HALL. 

An  interesting  program  was  carried  out  in  the 
unveiling  of  the  Wade  Hampton  statue  placed  by 
South  Carolina  in  Statuary  Hall  of  the  Capitol  at 
Washington,  on  July  10.  Gov.  John  G.  Richards,  of 
South  Carolina,  presided  and  made  an  address.  The 
statue  was  unveiled  by  Mrs.  John  Randolph  Tucker, 
of  Virginia,  daughter  of  General  Hampton,  and  Hon. 
D.  C.  Heyward,  of  South  Carolina,  made  an  address 
also.  The  work  is  by  F.  W.  Ruckstul,  sculptor,  of 
New  York  City.  South  Carolina  sent  a delegation  for 
the  occasion,  and  a son  of  the  General,  Alfred  Hamp- 
ton, of  Utah,  was  also  present. 


285 


^orjfederat^  l/eterap. 


MATRON  OF  HONOR,  U.  C.  V. 

[The  resolution  adopted  by  the  United  Confed- 
erate Veterans  in  reunion  at  Macon,  Ga.,  May  7, 
1912,  was  an  expression  of  their  appreciation  of  what 
the  Daughters  had  done  in  their  behalf  through  so 
many  years.  It  was  offered  by  Gen.  T.  W.  Castleman, 
of  Louisiana,  and  indorsed  by  Gen.  C.  I.  Walker,  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  who  had  appointed  the  Presi- 
dent General,  U.  D.  C.,  as  Matron  of  Honor  for  that 
reunion.] 

Whereas  it  is  desirable  that  our  great  sister  federa- 
tion, the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy, 
should  know  that  we  value  their  noble,  patriotic 
work,  and  that  by  formal  participation  with  us  in  our 
reunions  they  should  be  drawn,  if  possible,  into  closer 
union  with  the  veterans;  and, 

Whereas  to  secure  this  end  our  Commander  in 
Chief  has  invited  for  the  1912  reunion  the  President 
General,  U.  D.  C.,  to  be  our  Matron  of  Honor,  the 
most  dignified  position  we  can  confer  upon  a good 
woman;  and, 

Whereas  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy 
have  most  cordially  and  graciously  accepted  the 
honor;  therefore,  be  it 

Resolved:  1.  That  the  above  action  of  General 
Walker  as  to  the  1912  reunion  meets  with  our  earnest 
approval;  that  we  especially  commend  the  inaugura- 
tion of  such  a union  by  General  Walker,  not  only  as 
proving  his  wisdom  and  foresight  as  our  Commander, 
but  as  it  most  eminently  shows  our  entire  apprecia- 
tion of  the  splendid  work  accomplished  by  the 
Daughters,  and  must  result  in  a closer  fraternization 
of  these  two  great  Confederate  organizations. 

2.  That  hereafter,  at  all  reunions,  the  President 
General  of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy 
shall  be  Matron  of  Honor  to  the  United  Confederate 
Veterans. 


Resolution  offered  by  Gen.  T.  W.  Castleman,  of 
Camp  No.  9,  U.  C.  V.,  New  Orleans,  before  the  reunion 
convention  in  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  May  28, 1913,  and 
adopted: 

Whereas  at  the  United  Confederate  Veterans’ 
convention  held  in  the  city  of  Macon,  Ga.,  in  1912,  a 
resolution  was  adopted  declaring  the  President 
General  of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy, 
while  in  office,  the  Matron  of  Honor  for  the  United 
Confederate  Veterans  at  their  annual  reunions  and 
entitled  to  a position  of  honor  on  the  stage  with  the 
Commander  in  Chief;  and, 

Whereas  the  splendid  and  patriotic  organization  of 
the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  is  now  nine- 
ty thousand  strong  and  are  earnest  workers  in  the 
cause  of  true  history  and  of  the  Confederate  veterans; 
and, 


Whereas  their  organization  is  composed  only  of 
the  descendants  of  Confederate  veterans;  therefore, 
be  it 

Resolved,  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  our  Adjutant 
General  to  arrange  with  the  reunion  committees  of 
the  future  reunion  cities  so  that  the  President  General 
of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  and  her 
immediate  staff  shall  be  the  guests  of  the  reunion  city, 
and,  further,  be  provided  with  a carriage  and  assigned 
to  a position  of  honor  immediately  following  the 
staff  of  the  United  Confederate  Veterans  in  the  pa- 
rade. 


THE  CRIMSON  BATTLE  FLAG. 

BY  MARY  JOHNSON  POSEY,  AUSTIN,  TEX. 

0,  Crimson  Flag,  with  your  starry  cross  of  blue, 
What  tender  memories  are  twined  about  you! 

Each  silver  star  within  your  hallowed  folds 
Some  splendid  deed  of  daring  valor  holds. 

Through  four  long,  long  years  you  led  the  thin  gray 
line, 

Whose  gallant  exploits  defy  the  flight  of  time, 

For  Lee  and  Jackson,  Stuart,  Ashby,  and  the  rest 
Are  heroes  the  world  still  loves  the  best. 

Old  Flag,  when  you  float  upon  the  gentle  breeze, 
Our  hearts  are  torn  with  memories  such  as  these — 
Once  drenched  with  the  blood  of  our  native  sons, 
Rent  with  the  shot  and  shell  of  Federal  guns, 

You  wrapped  the  bodies  of  our  gallant  dead — 

You,  whose  starry  cross  now  shines  o’erhead — 
Shrouding  them  tenderly  in  your  crimson  folds 
While  strains  of  Dixie  came  roll  on  roll. 

Now  the  guns  of  war  are  forever  still — 

Our  sons  sleep  sweetly  there  upon  the  hill 
Where  mocking  birds  send  forth  their  lilting  lay 
From  early  dawn  until  the  close  of  day. 

A new  South  has  risen  from  out  the  years — 

A new  South  sweet  with  memories  and  tears, 

For  the  glory  of  the  old  gave  birth  to  the  new 
And  left  us  its  flag  with  its  starry  cross  of  blue. 

To-day  we’ve  turned  the  clock  back  to  days  of  sixty- 
one, 

And  though  those  old  days  are  long  since  past  and 
done — 

Dear  crimson  flag  with  your  starry  cross  of  blue, 
With  tenderest  reverence  we  still  love  you. 

And  may  your  silver  stars  never  cease  to  shine 
O’er  this  wonderful  land  of  yours  and  mine. 

(Awarded  the  Texas  Division  medal,  1928,  for 
best  poem  on  any  subject  submitted  in  the  U.  D.  C. 
State  Literary  Contest. 


8* 


286 


Qopfederat^  l/eterap. 


NORTH  CAROLINA  AT  GETTYSBURG. 

Sixty-six  years  after  her  sons  had  helped  to  make 
history  on  the  bloody  field  of  Gettysburg,  North 
Carolina  dedicated  a magnificent  memorial  to  those 
who  there  gave  their  all  for  the  South.  Though  long 
delayed,  “due  to  a proud  poverty  now  proudly  over- 
come,” this  memorial  is  a fitting  tribute  to  the  pa- 
triotic devotion  of  North  Carolina  soldiers  of  the 
Confederacy,  and  the  occasion  was  a triumphant  ex- 
pression on  the  part  of  those  who  have  labored  so 
zealously  to  thus  record  the  gallant  service  of  men 
who  went  far  beyond  the  call  of  duty.  It  is  a worthy 
memorial  to  their  valor. 

It  was  under  azure  skies  and  amid  peaceful  scenes 
that  North  Carolinians  gathered  at  Gettysburg  on 
this  3rd  of  July,  1929,  to  dedicate  their  memorial,  a 
setting  in  marked  contrast  to  that  eventful  day  in 
1863.  Only  the  sounds  of  peace  came  into  this  color- 
ful scene,  and  people  of  the  North  and  of  the  South 
met  about  the  monument  in  a mood  of  fraternal  as- 
sociation. True,  the  Rebel  yell  rent  the  air  now  and 
then  when  some  ardent  Tar  Heel  had  his  blood  stirred 
to  the  boiling  point  by  the  strains  of  Dixie  or  some 
bit  of  fiery  oratory.  They  are  still  young  in  their 
enthusiasm,  but  no  warlike  demonstration  followed 
that  vocal  expression  on  this  day.  The  Old  North 
State  had  sent  of  her  best  for  the  occasion,  and 
governors,  past  and  present,  voiced  her  tributes  to 
the  sons  of  yesterday,  and  the  words  of  one  but  re- 
cently dead  were  expressed  for  him  by  a friend,  one 
who  had  worked  and  planned  and  hoped  to  be  present 
on  this  occasion;  and  other  representative  men  and 
women  of  the  State  joined  with  their  meed  of  honor 
to  these  sons  long  dead  but  not  forgotten.  Army 
bands  were  there  to  furnish  inspiring  music,  and  uni- 
forms of  gray  and  blue  and  khaki  made  a distinctive 
note  with  the  bright  colors  of  summer  costumes. 
During  the  exercises  an  airplane  from  the  Gettysburg 
airport,  piloted  by  a North  Carolina  boy,  soared  high 
overhead,  dipping  its  wings  in  silent  tribute  to  the 
dead  of  North  Carolina. 

Quartermaster  General  B.  F.  Cheatham,  U.  S.  A., 
son  of  a Confederate  general,  was  there  to  represent 
the  United  States  government  and  to  receive  the 
monument  for  the  Secretary  of  War.  Gov.  0. 
Max  Gardner,  of  North  Caroliita,  presided  over  the 
exercises,  and  in  his  address  said,  in  part: 

“ The  first  corner  stone  of  a monument  is  laid  in 
the  hearts  of  a people. 

“We  are  met  to-day  to  unveil  a memorial  to  those 
North  Carolina  soldiers  who  fought  in  the  War  be- 
tween the  States.  Out  of  respect  for,  and  in  loving 
memory  of,  the  devotion  of  these  men  to  some  sim- 
ple ideals  of  honor  and  duty  which  we,  as  a people. 


live  by,  North  Carolina  has  caused  this  monument  to 
be  erected.  It  is  fitting  and  proper  that  we  should  do 
this. 

“For  bravery,  for  patient  endurance  of  hardship, 
and  for  unswerving  fidelity  to  the  cause  for  which 
they  fought,  the  record  of  the  soldiers  from  North 
Carolina  is  unexcelled  in  the  annals  of  warfare.  A 
monument  similar  to  this  might  properly  be  erected 
on  a score  of  battle  fields,  for  North  Carolina,  which, 
characteristically  slow  to  enter  the  war,  gave  more  in 
blood  and  treasure  to  the  Southern  cause,  once  she 
became  committed  to  it,  than  any  other  State.  On 
this  spot,  ‘the  high  water  mark  of  the  Confederacy,’ 
the  farthest  waves  of  that  bloody  tide  which  finally 
spent  itself  and  broke  on  the  scarred  crest  of  Ceme- 
tery Ridge,  were  North  Carolina  boys,  members  of 
the  immortal  26th  North  Carolina  regiment.  Petti- 
grew’s Brigade  did  not  lose  a single  prisoner  in  this 
charge,  but  it  lost  in  killed  and  wounded  over  eleven 
hundred  men,  including  many  of  its  best  officers.” 

It  was  during  the  previous  administration  that  the 
appropriation  for  the  memorial  was  made  by  the 
State  legislature,  and  it  was  fitting  indeed  that  former 
Gov.  Angus  W.  McLean  should  deliver  the  dedica- 
tory address,  in  which  he  reviewed  the  part  taken 
by  North  Carolina  on  that  field  of  blood  and  showed 
that  in  that  fatal  charge  of  July  3,  1863,  the  soldiers 
of  North  Carolina  outnumbered  all  others,  went  far- 
ther than  any  others,  and  suffered  a greater  per  cent 
of  losses.  And  he  marveled  over  the  quality  of  the 
men  there  engaged  in  battle — North  Carolinians, 
Virginians,  all — whence  came  the  power  which  bore 
them  across  that  open  plain  and  carried  them  to  the 
heights  of  Gettysburg?  “Their  ways  and  lives  had 
been  those  of  peace;  they  were  without  martial  train- 
ing or  ambition.  Yet  the  horsemen  of  Stuart,  the 
famous  ‘foot  cavalry;  of  Jackson,  Lee’s  ‘imcomparable 
infantry’  had  performed  miracles  in  battle  greater 
than  Napoleon  called  forth  from  the  professional 
soldiers  composing  his  ‘Old  Guard.’  . . . Surely 

from  nothing  less  than  the  morale  which  springs  from 
a deep  conviction  of  the  righteousness  and  justice  of 
their  cause,  which  is  concerned  not  so  much  with  the 
quarrel  as  with  the  principle,  and  which  follows  a be- 
lief and  sanctions  a faith  to  the  final  sacrifice.” 

Telling  of  the  efforts  made  to  secure  this  recogni- 
tion of  the  State  of  her  heroes  at  Gettysburg,  in 
which  he  brought  out  the  great  part  of  the  Daughters 
of  the  Confederacy  of  the  State  in  this  effort,  he  said: 

“Our  past  failure  to  erect  a suitable  memorial  on 
this  battle  field  has  not  been  due  to  any  lack  of  ap- 
preciation of  the  part  North  Carolina  troops  took  in 
this  battle.  The  delay  was  due  to  a proud  poverty 
now  proudly  overcome.  During  the  years  that  de- 
voted band  of  women,  the  United  Daughters  of  the 


287 


^ogfederat^  l/eterai). 


Confederacy,  never  ceased  to  call  the  attention  of 
those  in  authority  to  a sense  of  responsibility  to  those 
who  died  upon  this  field. 

“It  was  largely  due  to  the  urgent  insistence  of  the 
committee  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy,  of 
which  Mrs.  Marshall  Williams  was  chairman  that  in 
1927,  while  governor  of  the  State,  I included  in  my 
message  an  appeal  to  the  General  Assembly  to  provide 
the  necessary  funds  for  this  memorial.  It  afforded 
me  distinct  pleasure  as  the  son  of  a Confederate  sol- 
dier to  throw  the  weight  of  my  official  influence  into 
this  movement.  Pursuant  to  the  act  authorizing  the 
appropriation,  I appointed  the  following,  on  the  part 
of  the  State,  members  of  the  North  Carolina-Get- 
tysburg  memorial  commission:  Mrs.  Marshall  Wil- 
liams, Mrs.  J.  Dolph  Long,  Mrs.  Felix  Harvey,  Sr., 
Mrs.  L.  B.  Newell,  Mrs.  Glen  Long,  Capt.  Dougald 
Stewart,  Capt.  Samuel  S.  Nash,  H.  C.  McQueen, 
Col.  Virgil  S.  Lusk,  Gen.  Albert  L.  Cox,  William  A. 
Erwin,  Pollock  Burgwyn,  A.  L.  Brooks,  Maj.  W.  C. 
Heath,  and  Col.  A.  H.  Boyden,  of  Salisbury — who  re- 
cently passed  to  his  reward,  after  devoting  much  of 
his  life  to  service  in  the  Confederate  army  itself,  and 
to  caring  for  the  widows  and  orphans  of  his  comrades 
in  arms.  He  was  to  have  taken  official  part  in  these 
exercises,  and  his  presence  is  sorely  missed  by  those  of 
us  who  came  under  the  influence  of  his  genial  per- 
sonality. 

“An  advisory  commission  was  appointed  to  serve 
with  the  memorial  commission  in  choosing  a design 
composed  of  W.  W.  Fuller,  of  New  York;  Maj.  Bruce 
Cotton,  of  Baltimore;  Maj.  Daniel  M.  Barringer,  of 
Philadelphia;  and  George  Gordon  Battle,  of  New 
York — all  native  sons  of  North  Carolina.  To  the 
work  of  the  commission  and  advisory  commission  I 
would  pay  deserved  tribute.  They  performed  well 
the  delicate  task  laid  upon  them  and  are  assured  of 
the  sincere  gratitude  of  those  who  cherish  the  memory 
of  the  gallant  soldiers  whose  heroic  deeds  are  re- 
presented in  this  fine  effigy. 

“Having  aided  so  materially  in  securing  a State 
appropriation  for  the  State  memorial,  the  North 
Carolina  Division,  United  Daughters  of  the  Con- 
federacy, determined  to  erect,  by  their  own  efforts 
and  with  their  own  funds,  handsome  markers  which 
add  materially  to  the  beauty  of  the  State  memorial, 
and  which  will  also  be  presented  to-day. 

“A  great  poet  has  said  that  battles  are  fought  by 
the  mothers  of  men;  and  that  ‘back  of  every  brave 
soldier  is  a brave  woman.’  Peculiarly  was  this  true  of 
the  Old  South.  Our  soldiers  who  fought  here  had 
back  of  them  a great  gallery  of  Spartan  womanhood. 
They  fought  with  the  consciousness  that  their  con- 
duct was  applauded  by  their  loved  ones  at  home. 
Those  who  survived  came  back  to  a comradeship  and 


fealty  that  preserved  for  them  the  benevolent  illusion 
that  in  spite  of  everything  they  had  been  victorious. 

“All  this  is  of  the  past;  but  it  is  not  buried.  It  is 
neither  dead  nor  forgotten.  It  lives  and  grows  and 
vitally  contributes  to  the  spirit,  the  hope,  and  the 
aspirations  of  this  great  nation  we  call  America.  We 
cannot  forget,  our  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  will 
not  let  us  forget.” 

The  monument  was  shrouded  in  flags — the  Stars 
and  Stripes,  the  Stars  and  Bars,  and  the  State  flag  of 
North  Carolina — and  was  unveiled  by  North  Caro- 
lina children,  descendants  of  North  Carolina  soldiers 
of  the  Confederacy.  These  children  were  Archibald 
Craige,  Hector  McLean,  Charlotte  Warden  Williams, 
and  Lucy  Morehead,  and  as  they  drew  the  dark  blue 
ribbons  which  released  the  covering  of  flags,  the 
stirring  notes  of  “The  Star  Spangled  Banner”  rose 
high  and  strong  upon  the  summer  air. 

Standing  twelve  feet  high,  this  beautiful  bronze 
memorial  is  placed  not  so  far  from  the  great  equestrian 
figure  of  General  Lee,  which  overlooks  the  field  of 
Gettysburg.  It  faces  the  statue  of  General  Meade, 
and  the  war  spirit  of  the  South  seems  appropriately 
expressed  in  this  group  facing  the  enemy.  A descrip- 
tion of  the  monument  is  given  in  the  words  of  ex- 
Govemor  McLean,  who  said  of  it  in  his  speech: 

“The  memorial  now  presented  is  the  work  of  the 
noted  sculptor,  Gutzon  Borglum,  who  has,  in  a mas- 
terly way  and  with  consummate  talent,  interpreted 
in  bronze  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  the  North  Caro- 
linians engaged  in  this  great  battle.  The  heroic  group 
represents  five  typical  North  Carolina  soldiers.  Four 
of  the  group  have  just  emerged  from  a small  wooded 
area.  As  they  come  out  of  it  into  the  open,  they  sud- 
denly see  the  awful  struggle  in  front  of  them — the 
Federals  are  just  across  a small  ravine,  both  sides  of 
which  are  covered  with  fighting  men,  many  of  whom 
have  been  wounded . The  field  has  been  torn  with  shot 
and  shell.  The  leader  of  the  group  pushes  forward  de- 
termined on  his  grim  task;  the  younger  man  just  be- 
hind him  is  stunned  momentarily  at  the  awful  sight; 
the  bearded  soldier  to  his  left,  realizing  what  is  taking 
place  in  the  youth’s  mind,  draws  close  to  him  and 
whispers  confidence.  The  color  bearer  in  the  rear 
presses  forward,  holding  the  flag  aloft  and  well  to  the 
front  of  the  group.  At  their  right,  one  knee  on  the 
ground,  is  an  officer  encouraging  his  men,  his  presence 
and  wounds  indicating  that  the  struggle  has  been  in 
progress  some  time.  The  whole  group  discloses 
spirited  action  and  typifies  North  Carolina  troops  as 
they  charge  up  the  heights  of  Cemetery  Ridge. 

“In  presenting  this  memorial  on  behalf  of  the 
North  Carolina-Gettysburg  Memorial  Commission,  I 
am  moved  with  admiration  as  I behold  a beautiful 
work  of  art;  but  a deeper  sense  of  pride  wells  up  in 


288 


Qopfederat^  l/eterai). 


my  heart  as  I contemplate  the  spirit  it  typifies — not 
a spirit  of  partisanship,  nor  of  envy  of  another  sec- 
tion, but  a spirit  of  supreme  devotion  to  our  common 
country,  its  traditions,  and  its  aspirations.  We  no 
longer  think  in  terms  of  physical  combat,  but  in 
terms  of  peaceful  progress.  Toward  our  great  nation, 
into  whose  keeping  this  memorial  is  this  day  given, 
no  State  feels  or  manifests  a more  loyal  spirit  than 
North  Carolina.  We  may  disagree  with  other  States 
or  sections  upon  some  public  questions,  we  may  ex- 
ercise a wholesome  independence  in  the  pursuit  of  our 
tasks,  but  to  defend  the  flag  of  our  country  we  would 
give  our  all.”  * * * 

“In  a golden  mist  of  American  valor  lies  Gettys- 
burg. Sectional  lines  no  longer  mar  its  peaceful  slopes. 
No  longer  do  we  recognize  in  its  clouds  of  imperisha- 
ble glory  the  devices  of  its  flags.  The  dying  sun 
reflects  from  this  field  one  flag  and  one  alone,  the 
glorious  emblem  of  our  common  country. 

“And  so,  with  a feeling  of  pride  inspired  by  the 
valor  of  our  fathers  who  here  offered  upon  the  altar  of 
their  country  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion,  with 
tender  sentiments  for  the  cause  they  represented  and 
with  a love  for  the  reunited  nation  in  which  we  live 
and  strive  to-day,  I give  this  memorial  into  the  keep- 
ing of  the  United  States  of  America;  . . . and  when  in 
years  to  come  it  shall  catch  the  morning’s  first  gleam 
and  reflect  the  last  rays  of  the  setting  sun,  my  prayer 
is  that  it  shall  inspire  all  who  behold  it  to  emulate  the 
valor  and  patriotic  devotion  to  duty  which  charac- 
terized those  brave  North  Carolinians  who  here,  under 
the  leadership  of  the  immortal  Lee,  fought  and  died 
upon  this  field. 

Tribute  by  the  Daughters  of  North 
Carolina. 

In  addition  to  this  State  monument,  the  United 
Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  of  North  Carolina 
had  placed  a stone  monolith  at  the  end  of  the  flag- 
stone walk  which  leads  from  Confederate  Avenue  to 
the  North  Carolina  monument,  and  appropriate 
exercises  marked  its  dedication  following  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  monument.  This  monolith  is  of  North 
Carolina  Balfour  pink  stone,  on  which  is  inscribed: 

NORTH  CAROLINA 

TO  THE  ETERNAL  GLORY  OF  THE 
NORTH  CAROLINA  SOLDIERS,  WHO,  ON 
THIS  BATTLE  FIELD,  DISPLAYED  HERO- 
ISM UNSURPASSED,  SACRIFICING  ALL  IN 
SUPPORT  OF  THEIR  CAUSE.  THEIR  VA- 
LOROUS DEEDS  WILL  BE  ENSHRINED  IN 
THE  HEARTS  OF  MEN  LONG  AFTER 
THESE  TRANSIENT  MEMORIALS  HAVE 
CRUMBLED  INTO  DUST. 


THIRTY-TWO  NORTH  CAROLINA  REGI- 
MENTS WERE  IN  ACTION  AT  GETTYS- 
BURG July  1,  2,  3,  1863.  one  con- 
federate SOLDIER  IN  EVERY  FOUR  WHO 
FELL  HERE  WAS  A NORTH  CAROLINIAN. 


THIS  TABLET  ERECTED  BY  THE  NORTH 
CAROLINA  DIVISION,  UNITED  DAUGH- 
TERS OF  THE  CONFEDERACY. 

A stone  ledge  at  the  head  of  the  flagstone  walk, 
of  the  same  pink  stone  as  the  monolith — ten  feet 
wide  and  six  feet  deep — carries  a list  of  the  military 
units  which  represented  North  Carolina  in  that  bat- 
tle, which  were: 

6th,  21st,  57th  Infantry — Hoke’s  Brigade  of 
Early’s  Division. 

1st,  3rd  Infantry — Steuart’s  Brigade  of  Johnson’s 
Division. 

32nd,  43rd,  45th,  53rd  Infantry  and  2nd  Bat- 
talion— Daniel’s  Brigade  of  Rodes’s  Division. 

5th,  12th,  20th,  23rd  Infantry — Iverson’s  Bri- 
gade of  Rodes’s  Division. 

2nd,  4th,  14th,  30th  Infantry — Ramseur’s  Brigade 
of  Rodes’s  Division. 

11th,  26th,  47th,  52nd  Infantry — Pettigrew’s  Bri- 
gade of  Heth’s  Division. 

55th  Infantry — Davis’s  Brigade  of  Heth’s  Division. 

7th,  18th,  28th,  33rd,  37th  Infantry — Lane’s 
Brigade  of  Pender’s  Division. 

13th,  16th,  22nd,  34th,  38th  Infantry — Scales’s 
Brigade  of  Pender’s  Division. 

1st  North  Carolina  Artillery,  Battery  A — McLaws’ 
Division. 

Branch  (North  Carolina)  Artillery,  Rowan  (North 
Carolina)  Artillery,  Hood’s  Division. 

Charlotte  (North  Carolina)  Artillery — Pender’s 
Division. 

1st  Cavalry — Hampton’s  Brigade,  2nd,  4th  Cav- 
alry— Robertson’s  Brigade,  5th  Cavalry — W.  H.  F. 
Lee’s  Brigade,  Stuart’s  Division  of  Cavalry. 

These  exercises  were  presided  over  by  Mrs.  E.  L. 
McKee,  President  of  the  North  Carolina  Division, 
U.  D.  C.,  who  was  introduced  by  Governor  Gardner, 
and  in  turn  presented  Mrs.  Marshall  Williams,  a 
member  of  the  Gettysburg  Memorial  Commission 
and  chairman  of  the  marker  committee,  who  made 
the  address.  Hon.  Walter  Murphy,  of  Salisbury, 
read  an  address  of  appreciation  for  the  Confederate 
veterans  to  the  State,  which  was  to  have  been  given 
by  the  late  Gen.  A.  H.  Boyden.  The  four  children 
drawing  the  veils  for  this  occasion  were  Frank  Fuller 
III;  Dorothy  Long,  of  Newton;  Archibald  Craige, 
of  Winston-Salem;  and  E.  L.  McKee,  Jr.,  of  Sylva. 


Qoijfederat^  l/eterai) 


289 


GEN.  CORTEZ  A.  KITCHEN,  U.  C.  V. 

The  saddest  incident  of  the  reunion  in  Charlotte, 
N.  C.,  was  the  passing  of  Gen.  Cortez  A.  Kitchen, 
Commander  of  the  Missouri  Division,  U.  C.  V. 
Though  his  health  had  been  frail  for  a long  time,  his 
heart  was  set  on  attending  the  reunion  in  North 
Carolina,  and  he  was  lovingly  attended  on  the  way. 


jaf 

f 


9 


GEN.  CORTEZ  A.  KITCHEN. 


But  his  strength  was  not  equal  to  the  demands  made 
upon  it,  and  it  was  necessary  for  him  to  go  to  the 
infirmary  upon  arrival.  There  he  saw  a few  of  his  old 
comrades  and  heard  again  the  old  familiar  Rebel  yell, 
and  he  was  happy  to  be  there  even  though  he  could 
not  take  part  in  the  reunion  activities.  As  the 
shadows  fell  on  the  evening  of  June  6,  he  closed  his 
eyes  to  earthly  scenes  and  passed  to  that  heavenly 
reunion  in  which  there  is  no  parting. 

Bom  in  1852,  General  Kitchen  was  one  of  the  very 
youngest  of  Confederate  veterans.  He  was  just  a 
little  boy  when  war  came  on  in  1861,  but  he  gave 
soldierly  service  as  orderly  for  his  father,  who  was 
major  and  colonel  of  Missouri  cavalry.  The  boy  was 
captured,  but  released,  and  returned  to  his  father, 
and  so  served  almost  through  the  war;  and  when  it 
closed  he  was  still  a boy  under  military  age. 

Young  Kitchen  finished  his  education  after  the 
war  at  the  St.  Louis  University  and  the  State  Uni- 


versity at  Columbia,  fitting  himself  to  be  a lawyer, 
which  profession  he  practiced  for  some  time,  then 
took  up  journalism.  Always  devoted  to  the  cause 
for  which  he  had  given  his  best  as  a boy  soldier,  he 
was  very  active  in  the  effort  to  secure  pensions  for  the 
Confederate  veterans  of  Missouri,  and  in  other  ways 
was  devoted  to  their  interests.  His  comrades  loved, 
honored,  and  respected  him  for  his  splendid  qualities 
of  mind  and  heart  and  for  his  gentle  and  engaging 
personality.  He  had  filled  various  high  offices  in  the 
U.  C.  V.  organization  in  Missouri,  from  Commander 
of  the  Camp  in  St.  Louis  to  Commander  of  the 
Missouri  Division,  and  there  was  no  more  loyal  and 
devoted  member  nor  one  who  cherished  more  strongly 
the  traditions  and  ideals  of  the  Old  South;  and  in  his 
acceptance  of  the  results  of  that  war,  he  became  a 
loyal  citizen  of  these  United  States.  He  was  a 
public-spirited  citizen  of  his  city  and  community,  and 
had  a wide  circle  of  warm  friends.  “A  just  man  and 
firm  of  purpose”  is  a fitting  eulogy  on  his  high 
character. 

In  the  sweet  intimacies  of  wedded  life,  he  was  an 
affectionate  husband  and  devoted  father,  loved  and 
venerated  by  wife  and  children.  He  was  married  in 
1877  to  Miss  Nattie  A.  Harwood,  of  a pioneer  family 
of  St.  Louis,  and  she,  their  two  daughters,  and  a son 
survive  him. 

Cortez  A.  Kitchen  was  born  August  3,  1852,  in 
Stoddard  County,  Mo.,  son  of  Col.  Solomon  G. 
Kitchen  and  Martha  Ann  Giboney.  The  war 
interrupted  his  education,  but  he  went  back  to 
school  in  his  native  county  and  later  finished  at  the 
Law  School  of  the  University  of  Missouri  at  Colum- 
bia, and  first  practiced  at  Dexter  in  Stoddard 
County.  The  family  moved  to  St.  Louis  in  1875,  and 
there  he  became  interested  in  journalism,  forming 
connection  with  newspapers  of  that  city,  and  so 
made  that  his  life  work.  In  the  early  nineties  he  was 
editorial  writer  of  the  Omaha  World  Herald.  In  1901 
he  was  official  reporter  of  the  Missouri  State  Senate, 
and  later  became  assistant  secretary  of  the  city 
council  of  St.  Louis;  he  served  also  as  recorder  of  the 
town  of  Kirkwood.  At  one  time  he  was  assistant 
wharf  and  harbor  master  in  St.  Louis.  He  retired 
from  active  business  some  years  ago. 

A long,  active,  useful,  and  Christian  career  has 
come  to  a close,  a full  and  purposeful  life,  typical  of 
the  Old  South’s  best  civilization.  He  rests  in  peace 
and  leaves  a memory  revered  by  all  who  knew  him. 
With  the  colors  of  Confederate  flags  about  him,  he 
was  laid  away  in  Valhalla  Cemetery  at  St.  Louis, 
and  the  bright  sunshine  of  his  parting  day  and  the 
flowers  which  made  beautiful  his  bed  of  earth  fitly 
symbolized  the  transition  from  life  to  immortality. 


290 


Qopfederat^  l/eterai). 


“THE  OLD  FREE  STATE.”* 

REVIEWED  BY  CAPT.  S.  A.  ASHE,  RALEIGH,  N.  C. 

The  subject  of  these  volumes  is  virtually  the  early 
history  of  Southside  Virginia,  and  particularly  of 
Lunenburg  County,  which,  in  1861,  received  its 
name  of  “The  Old  Free  State,”  because  of  a prop- 
osition made  in  a local  convention  to  secede  from 
Virginia,  the  State  Convention  at  Richmond  long 
declining  to  secede  from  the  Union! 

The  author,  a native  of  Lunenburg,  is  a member  of 
the  Virginia  Historical  Society  and  of  the  Ohio 
Archaelogical  and  Historical  Society,  and  has 
worthily  received  many  honorary  degrees.  He  is  a 
scholar  of  ability,  and  his  work  indicates  patient 
research,  indefatigable  industry,  and  unsparing  labor. 
The  style  is  ornate  and  pleasing,  and  every  subject  is 
presented  so  attractively  as  to  excite  interest. 

The  author  gives  an  account  of  Raleigh’s  attempt- 
ed settlements,  ending  with  Virginia  Dare  and  the 
“lost  colony.”  Then,  passing  to  Jamestown  he  tells 
of  the  early  days  there,  the  colonists  numbering  in 
1619  about  six  hundred.  It  was  there  that  the  first 
legislative  assembly  in  America  was  elected. 

The  settlements  were  on  plantations  along  the 
river  courses,  the  interior,  especially  on  the  South- 
side,  being  occupied  by  the  Indians,  of  whom  there 
were  nine  tribes  in  peace  and  amity  with  the  colo- 
nists. As  the  years  passed,  accessions  flowed  in, 
among  them  French,  Germans,  Swiss,  Welsh,  and 
English,  and  the  population  rapidly  increased. 

In  May,  1746,  a line  was  run  from  the  point  where 
the  Roanoke  River  enters  Virginia  north  to  the 
Nottaway ; and  all  west  of  that  line  to  the  Alleghanies 
was  called  Lunenburg  in  honor  of  the  king.  Many 
families  had  already  located  there,  and  now  they 
came  in  so  rapidly  that  nine  counties  were  carved  out 
of  the  territory,  leaving  Lunenburg  a small  county 
southwest  of  Petersburg.  As  that  region  was  on  the 
frontiers,  naturally  there  comes  into  the  story  the 
French  and  Indian  War,  when  Washington  was  laying 
the  foundation  of  his  subsequent  career. 

Dr.  Bell  devotes  chapters  to  those  early  times, 
tells  of  the  courts,  of  the  early  churches,  and  of  the 
inhabitants,  with  a particularity  that  has  no  equal  in 
any  other  historical  work  that  I know  of. 

As  many  of  the  people  of  Southside  Virginia  later 
moved  to  the  South  and  West,  this  feature  of  Dr. 
Bell’s  work  must  be  of  widespread  interest.  Suffice 
it  to  say  that  his  unequalled  index  contains  the  names 
of  some  17,000  persons,  marriages,  etc. 

His  chapter  in  regard  to  slavery  is  timely:  Its 


*“The  Old  Free  State,”  by  Dr.  Landon  C.  Bell.  Two  vol- 
umes, 625  pages  each.  Published  at  Richmond,  Va.  1927. 


origin,  how  it  was  promoted  by  the  British  Govern- 
ment, how  it  existed  in, New  England,  how  the  im- 
portation of  slaves  was  a part  of  New  England’s 
commerce,  a source  of  New  England’s  wealth;  the 
Southern  colonies  being  agricultural  and  having  no 
ships;  how  the  Southern  colonies  sought  to  check 
these  importations  without  avail.  The  historian 
Bancroft  is  quoted  as  recording  that  “Virginia  had 
again  and  again  passed  laws  restraining  the  importa- 
tion of  negroes  from  Africa,  without  avail.”  In 
little  Boston  alone,  in  1742,  there  were  one  thousand 
five  hundred  and  fourteen  African  slaves.  The 
British  government  saying,  “we  cannot  allow  the 
Colonies  to  check  or  discourage  in  any  manner  a 
traffic  so  beneficial  to  the  nation.” 

With  commendable  pride,  Dr.  Bell  records  the 
actions  of  Virginia  when  trouble  arose  with  the 
Mother  Country:  first,  in  regard  to  the  Stamp  Act, 
when  Patrick  Henry  awakened  the  patriotism  of  the 
Colonies;  then,  in  May,  1769,  proposing  a non- 
importing agreement  specifically  boycotting  slaves, 
wines  and  British  manufacture;  then,  in  1773, 
Richard  Henry  Lee,  with  Thomas  Jefferson  and 
others,  brought  forward  the  plan  of  Committees  of 
Correspondence;  how  in  May,  1774,  “the  cause  of 
Boston  being  the  cause  of  all,”  Virginia  suggested  a 
general  congress,  of  all  the  Colonies,  and  herself 
elected  the  first  delegates  to  a convention  in  defiance 
of  the  Royal  government.  While  North  Carolina 
first  led  the  way  in  proposing  “independence,”  Dr. 
Bell  narrates  how  the  Virginia  Convention,  within  a 
month  afterwards,  framed  the  first  written  constitu- 
tion of  a free  State,  elected  Patrick  Henry  governor, 
and  urged  the  Colonies  to  declare  independence. 
Then  came  the  war,  and  Dr.  Bell  narrates  the  part 
played  by  Virginia  and  the  county  of  Lunenburg  in 
the  Revolution.  He  gives  a plain  view  of  New 
England  up  to  1808,  engaged  in  the  commerce  of  ex- 
changing rum  for  negroes  in  Africa  and  bringing  them 
into  the  islands  at  the  south,  or  to  the  Southern 
States;  and,  even  after  Congress  had  forbidden  the 
importation,  still  persisting  in  it. 

At  length  fanatics  began  to  interfere  with  slavery 
at  the  South;  and  when  Congress  required  that  the 
provisions  of  the  Constitution  requiring  the  delivery 
up  “of  persons  held  to  service”  should  be  obeyed,  the 
fanatics  “proclaimed  the  Constitution  to  be  a league 
with  hell,  and  publicly  burned  the  Constitution.” 
And  when  John  Brown  was  executed  and  became  a 
Northern  saint,  “the  Churches  holding  services  of 
humiliation  and  prayer,  the  bells  tolling,”  Dr.  Bell 
records  it  all.  And  so  we  are  brought  to  the  most 
interesting  portion  of  the  history. 

While  saying  that  “the  right  to  secede  from  the 


291 


Qopfederat^  l/eterap. 


Union  was  so  generally  held  by  the  statesmen  of  the 
South  that  no  collation  or  summary  of  them  need  be 
made  here,”  he  quotes:  “No  unprejudiced  mind  can 
read  the  history  of  the  Constitution  without  being 
convinced  that  the  right  of  secession  did  exist.” 
And,  indeed,  not  only  is  the  righteousness  of  the  action 
of  Lee,  of  the  praying  Jackson,  of  Bishop  Polk,  and 
the  Confederate  chaplains  made  clear,  but  in  the  ap- 
pendix are  additional  articles,  that  on  “The  Lincoln 
Myth”  closing  with  a quotation  from  Lord  Woosley: 
— “The  right  of  self-government,  which  Washington 
won  and  for  which  Lee  fought,  was  no  longer  to  be  a 
watchword  to  stir  men’s  blood  in  the  United  States.” 
Necessarily,  that  is  true,  for  the  conquest  of  the 
Southern  States,  no  matter  by  what  other  name  it 
may  be  called,  remains  a conquest. 

At  last,  the  right  to  secede  was  hardly  denied  at 
the  North.  Dr.  Bell  quotes  Dan  Sickles’  speech  in 
Congress,  December  10,  1860,  declaring  that  “no 
troops  should  ever  pass  through  New  York  for  the 
purpose  of  holding  a State  in  the  Union.”  And  he 
quotes  the  New  York  Herald:  “The  current  of  opinion 
seems  to  sit  strongly  in  favor  of  a reconstruction  of 
the  Union  without  the  New  England  States,”  etc. 
Likewise  other  papers  voiced  the  legality  of  secession. 
But  there  was  another  view,  and  the  Herald  later 
said:  “The  Union  of  the  North  with  the  South  is 
the  source  of  their  prosperity,  for  by  that  Union  the 
North  reaps  immense  profits  on  Southern  products 
by  doing  for  the  South  its  foreign  trade,  and  thus 
accumulating  capital  which  enables  the  North  to 
establish  factories  and  reap  a second  harvest  from  the 
South.”  That  was  the  milk  in  the  coconut. 

In  conclusion,  I wish  to  emphasize  that  Dr.  Bell’s 
contributions  to  the  cause  of  the  South  are  among 
the  most  interesting  of  this  generation.  In  addition 
to  his  large  history,  his  address  on  General  Lee  and 
that  “In  Memory  of  the  Confederate  Soldiers”  at 
Johnson’s  Island  are  particularly  to  be  mentioned  as 
illustrative  of  his  scholarship  and  his  clear  appre- 
hension of  the  sectional  differences  that  led  to  the 
conquest  of  the  South. 


“JIM  PEAKE,”  MISSOURI  CAVALRYMAN. 

BY  JAMES  E.  PAYNE,  DALLAS,  TEX. 

Capt.  James  Peake — it  was  just  plain  Jim  Peake  to 
us  who  knew  him  in  Kansas  City  before  the  War  be- 
tween the  States — had  been  one  of  the  men  who  cast 
their  lot  with  a filibustering  expedition  led  by  a 
General  Walker  in  Central  America,  the  purpose 
being  to  set  up  a new  government  in  the  State  of 
Nicarauga.  After  several  months’  fighting,  how- 
ever, Walker  was  defeated  and  his  followers  made 
prisoners.  Walker  was  placed  in  front  of  a firing 


squad  and  shot  to  death,  and  his  men  were  given 
scant  time  to  get  out  of  the  country.  Young  Peake 
was  one  of  them  and  went  to  Kansas  City,  where  he 
was  living  when  Captain  Prince  was  ordered  to 
occupy  Kansas  City  as  a military  post. 

Up  to  the  capture  of  Camp  Jackson,  May  10, 1861, 
Missouri,  as  a State,  had  committed  no  overt  act 
against  the  Federal  government,  and  many  leading 
citizens  were  hopeful  of  keeping  her  out  of  the  war 
altogether.  These  favored  a policy  of  “armed 
neutrality.”  One  of  the  advocates  of  this  policy 
was  ex-Governor  Sterling  Price.  Early  in  April,  but 
after  the  capture  of  Fort  Sumter,  a State  convention 
was  called  to  shape  Missouri’s  policy  in  the  war  now 
known  to  be  inevitable.  This  convention  was  held  at 
Jefferson  City,  then,  as  now,  the  State  capital,  and 
Sterling  Price  was  chosen  to  be  its  president.  To 
this  convention  came  Gen.  William  S.  Harney,  of  the 
Federal  army,  and  commander  of  the  military  de- 
partment of  which  Missouri  was  a part.  Harney, 
acting  for  the  government,  with  full  authority  from 
Washington,  and  Price,  acting  for  Missouri,  soon 
reached  an  agreement  which  was  to  the  effect  that 
no  part  of  the  State  should  be  occupied  by  either 
Federal  or  Secession  armed  troops  during  the  war. 
This  agreement  was  immediately  ratified  by  the 
convention,  and  was  satisfactory  to  all  except  quite 
a number  of  “ Hot  Spurs”  athirst  for  blood  and  glory, 
and  extreme  Unionists,  who  thought  Missouri  should 
respond  to  Lincoln’s  call  for  men  to  put  down  “the 
rebellion.” 

On  May  8,  the  State  Guard  went  into  annual  en- 
campment at  Camp  Jackson,  near  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, where  were  stored  a quantity  of  army  muni- 
tions, and  Captain  Lyon  was  ordered  to  St.  Louis  to 
have  an  eye  on  the  State  Militia. 

For  several  months,  Frank  Blair,  Colonel  Solo- 
mon, and  others  had  been  drilling  bodies  of  men  in 
secrecy,  and  these  by  now  were  organized  into  three 
regiments.  Blair  and  Lyon  became  apprehensive  of 
the  manners  at  Camp  Jackson,  and,  bringing  in  a 
few  regulars,  from  Springfield,  111.,  and  using  the  St. 
Louis  Unionist  contingent,  moved  on  the  State  en- 
campment and  captured  it.  Of  course  this  meant 
war.  Governor  Jackson  ordered  Capt.  George 
Moorman  (for  many  years,  Adjutant  General  of 
United  Confederate  Veterans)  to  gather  a band  of 
men,  capture  Liberty  Arsenal,  and  seize  such  military 
stores  as  were  held  there.  The  Federal  reaction  to 
this  was  the  order  directing  Captain  Prince,  command- 
ing at  Fort  Leavenworth,  to  occupy  Kansas  City. 

Lyon’s  act  in  seizing  Camp  Jackson,  of  course,  had 
scrapped  the  Price-Hamey  agreement,  Prince's 
occupancy  of  Kansas  City  had  confirmed  the  scrap- 


292 


^opfederat^  l/eterai). 


ping,  the  “bridles  were  off,”  and  the  colts  turned 
loose.  One  of  the  first  men  to  shake  dust  from  his 
feet  was  Jim  Peake.  He  was  soon  active  in  Price’s 
body  guard,  then  captain  of  a company  in  General 
McCulloch’s  Cavalry. 

One  day  down  in  Mississippi,  debouching  from  a 
wood  into  the  open,  he  was  surprised  to  see  a Federal 
cavalry  regiment  deployed  on  a ridge  to  his  left 
about  fifty  yards  away.  As  he  realized  his  danger, 
he  ordered  a right  turn  at  a run.  In  turning,  his 
horse  stumbled,  landed  him  on  the  ground,  and  chased 
off  after  his  fleeing  comrades.  Peake  saw  his  horse  in 
rapid  desertion,  and  turned  to  see  what  his  enemies 
were  at.  Every  carbine  seemed  pointing  at  him. 
Slapping  his  hands  to  his  breast,  he  called  out: 
“Well,  damn  you,  shoot!” 

Like  a flash,  the  colonel's  sword  came  to  signal, 
“Hold!  don’t  shoot,  men!  That  man  is  too  brave  to 
be  killed,”  and  Peake,  saluting,  turned  away  to 
follow  his  men 

It  wasn’t  Peake  who  told  this  story.  After  the  war 
he  returned  to  Kansas  City.  One  evening  an  ex- 
colonel of  Union  cavalry  was  regaling  an  old  friend 
named  Holman  with  war  stories,  and  had  just  told 
him  of  this  encounter  with  a Confederate  officer, 
whom  he  discribed  as  “the  bravest  man  he  ever  saw,” 
when  Peake  stepped  in,  and  Holman  had  the  pleasure 
of  introducing  two  real  men  to  each  other,  who  at 
once  became  warm  friends. 


IN  THE  MISSISSIPPI  CAMPAIGNS. 

BY  R.  A.  LAMBERT,  MOBILE,  ALA. 

This  will  be  but  an  outline  narrative,  touching  the 
high  points  of  one  Southern  soldier  boy’s  career 
during  the  War  between  the  States,  who  figures  that 
he  was  on  the  firing  line  about  one  hundred  days  all 
told.  Going  from  a clerkship  in  a general  store  in 
Claiborne,  Monroe  County,  Ala.,  I enlisted  in  April, 
1861,  in  the  first  company  that  left  my  county,  and  in 
the  second  regiment  of  the  State  (Col.  Harry  Maury) 
commanding  this  company  (C)  was  commanded  by 
Capt.  George  W.  Foster,  and  was  designated  in  our 
home  county  as  the  Claiborne  Guards. 

The  first  eight  months  were  spent  monotonously 
(but  with  plenty  to  eat)  at  Forts  Morgan  and  Gaines 
at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  Bay,  where  I went  through 
with  a good  case  of  measles,  followed  later  on  with 
mumps,  both  troubles  being  prevalent  with  the 
soldiers.  The  measles  in  our  army  probably  took  a 
heavier  toll  of  life  than  all  other  kinds  of  sickness 
combined,  as  the  majority  of  cases  suffered  relapses, 
terminating  in  pneumonia,  and  especially  in  regular 
army  camps. 

Before  leaving  Fort  Gaines,  we  had  the  chance  of 


voting  to  remain  where  we  were  or  to  go  to  the  front 
where  something  was  being  done,  and  it  was  unan- 
imously decided  that  we  would  leave  our  comfortable 
quarters  to  go  where  we  would  have  a chance  for 
excitement  occasionally,  so  we  were  ordered  direct  to 
Fort  Pillow,  Tenn.,  which  we  reached  in  the  early 
winter.  Soon  we  had  a proposition  to  enlist  for  a 
year  longer  or  for  the  duration  of  the  war,  with  a 
bounty  of  $50.  That  looked  big  to  us,  who  were 
mostly  boys,  not  really  men,  and  about  half  of  us 
gladly  accepted  the  bounty  with  a thirty-days  fur- 
lough and  transportation  home.  At  the  close  of  our 
furlough,  a reorganization  began  and  most  of  my  old 
company  went  on  to  Mobile  from  their  homes. 

In  Mobile  we  organized  into  a company  of  about 
eighty  men  and  elected  officers,  again  electing  George 
W.  Foster  as  our  captain.  I accepted  the  humble 
position  of  corporal,  a noncommissioned  office,  but  it 
exempted  me  of  guard  and  work  duties — my  main 
duties  were  to  be  overseeing  details  of  work  squads 
and  the  stationing  of  men  on  picket  lines,  general 
guard  duties,  and  such  like.  We  were  then  sent  to 
Columbus,  Miss.,  to  be  formed  into  a regiment,  and 
thence  into  a brigade.  The  letter  of  our  company 
was  A,  as  it  happened  to  be  the  first  to  arrive,  and  our 
regiment  was  the  42nd  Alabama,  with  John  W.  Portis, 
of  Suggsville,  Clark  County,  Ala.,  in  command. 

At  the  very  beginning  of  our  encampment  at 
Columbus,  Miss.,  I took  pneumonia  and  was  placed 
in  a hospital,  where  I remained  for  six  weeks,  near 
death’s  door  a considerable  portion  of  the  time.  We 
were  there  through  the  summer  of  1862,  drilling  and 
being  trained  for  active  service,  and  getting  plenty  of 
fruit  and  other  good  things  brought  in  from  the  sur- 
rounding country.  That  fall,  we  were  ordered  to 
join  Gen.  Sterling  Price  in  North  Mississippi.  He 
was  planning  to  give  the  Federal  army  battle  at 
Corinth,  which  was  well  entrenched  by  forts  and 
otherwise,  as  General  Price  found  out  to  his  sorrow. 

When  General  Price  made  his  bold  movement  from 
Iuka,  Miss.,  to  try  to  storm  the  Federal  entrench- 
ments at  Corinth,  I was  sent  down  to  a hospital  at 
Okolona,  Miss.,  with  chills  and  fever,  but  after  a few 
days  I was  considered  strong  enough  to  be  sent  back 
to  my  command.  Knowing  of  the  discharge  from 
hospital  a day  in  advance,  a company  comrade,  also 
in  the  hospital  and  then  able  to  leave,  and  I decided 
to  make  a foraging  trip  out  in  the  country  to  get 
some  good  country-cooked  grub  to  eat  and  to  carry 
to  the  front  with  us;  so  we  made  the  trip  and  were 
royally  treated  by  a well-to-do  farmer’s  family,  and 
we  were  fairly  well  loaded  down  with  good  eatables 
to  carry  back.  Okolona  is  in  the  black  belt  of 
Mississippi,  where  the  land  is  waxy  and  sticky  when 


293 


^ogfederat^  \fe terai). 


wet.  While  we  were  at  the  farmhouse,  a rain  came 
on  and,  with  our  already  heavy  shoes  and  strength 
not  fully  recovered  from  our  sickness,  we  had  a time 
in  the  sticky  mud  getting  back  to  hospital,  so  much 
so  that  I have  never  forgotten  that  wearisome  return 
walk.  Next  day  we  boarded  the  train  to  rejoin  our 
command  but  got  only  as  far  as  Tupelo,  Miss,  as 
General  Price  had  gone  around  westward  in  the 
vicinity  of  Corinth,  and  some  of  the  Federal  force  at 
Corinth  had  wormed  around  and  cut  us  off  from 
reaching  our  command;  hence,  we  were  sent  down  to 
Enterprise,  Miss.,  where  I was  again  placed  in  a 
hospital  on  account  of  a return  attack  of  malaria.  In 
the  meantime,  the  battle  of  Corinth  took  place 
where  my  company  of  about  sixty  or  seventy  men, 
which  went  into  the  desperate  struggle  to  capture  the 
Federal  stronghold,  had  seven  killed  in  the  attack, 
with  about  double  the  number  wounded.  Our 
captain,  George  W.  Foster,  was  one  of  about  three  of 
our  company  force  who  succeeded  in  getting  on  to 
their  strongest  fortification,  called  Battery  Robinette, 
and  on  the  top  of  that  battery  our  Captain  Foster 
was  killed. 

After  we  lost  out  at  Corinth,  the  greater  portion  of 
General  Price’s  army  was  ordered  to  Vicksburg  and 
placed  under  General  Pemberton,  and  soon  after 
Grant  undertook  to  try  to  get  in  behind  Vicksburg, 
Moore’s  Brigade,  of  which  the  42nd  Alabama  was  a 
unit,  was  ordered  up  the  Yazoo  River  by  boat  to  its 
head,  opposite  the  little  town  of  Greenwood;  but 
before  we  reached  our  objective,  Grant  had  been 
driven  back  to  the  Mississippi  River,  from  where  he 
had  come  by  use  of  small  boats  through  Yazoo  Pass. 
We  camped  there  a few  days  in  the  swamp,  harassed 
by  swarms  of  buffalo  gnats,  from  which  our  horses 
had  to  have  considerable  protection,  for  the  gnats 
collected  in  their  nostrils  and  smokes  from  burning 
decaying  wood  was  our  principal  way  of  warding  off 
these  pests. 

After  our  return  to  Vicksburg,  General  Grant  soon 
made  a successful  pass  with  enough  boats,  then  with 
troops. to  disembark  above  Vicksburg,  to  pass  down 
through  the  swamp  on  the  west  of  the  river  from 
Vicksburg,  and  finally  cross  to  the  east  side  of  the 
Mississippi  River  below  the  Big  Black  River,  thence 
up  on  the  east  side  of  the  Big  Black  River,  where 
there  was  a Confederate  force  which  was  greatly 
outnumbered,  and  was  finally  driven  in  to  Vicksburg; 
and  Pemberton’s  entire  army  of  about  thirty  thou- 
sand men  was  put  behind  entrenchments,  which  were 
already  prepared,  both  for  infantry  and  light  artil- 
lery; and  then  commenced  the  sure  enough  memorable 
siege  which  lasted,  all  told,  full  forty-two  days.  Our 
fortifications  formed  a half  moon  shape  of  some  five 
miles  in  length,  extending  from  a point  on  the 


Mississippi  River  just  above  the  city  to  the  river 
again  a short  distance  below,  with  the  center  of  our 
fortifications,  about  two  or  three  miles  back  from  the 
river,  taking  in  the  suburban  part  of  the  very  hilly 
city.  Grant’s  army  of  twice  the  size  of  ours  and  far 
better  equipped,  entrenched  as  close  to  us  as  they 
could  all  around  at  various  distances  as  the  forma- 
tion of  the  ground  would  permit,  but  generally  in  easy 
rifle  shot  from  our  line. 

The  Federal  artillery  being  so  much  more  numer- 
ous and  of  far  better  quality  than  ours,  and  having  an 
abundance  of  ammunition,  likewise  small  arms,  our 
batteries  were  soon  put  out  of  commission.  Several 
attempts  were  made  during  the  siege  to  storm  our 
works  and  break  in,  at  various  places  and  they 
succeeded  at  one  point  at  one  time,  but  our  reserves 
came  to  the  rescue  of  our  broken  line,  captured  those 
who  got  over,  and  pressed  the  balance  back.  I wit- 
nessed one  such  attempt  in  open  ground,  about 
two  hundred  yards  from  my  position  in  the  line,  I 
could  see  their  full  line  going  pell-mell  for  our  en- 
trenched line,  which  pelted  the  Yanks  so  heavily  with 
bullets  that  only  a small  number  had  the  bravery  to 
stand  the  galling  fire.  I could  easily  see  the  dirt 
being  cut  up  by  bullets  from  our  line  and  men  falling 
forward  as  they  were  struck.  This  incident  was  near 
the  middle  of  June,  and  the  weather  was  hot,  yet 
General  Grant  did  not  ask  for  a flag  of  truce  to 
bury  his  dead  until  three  days  later,  when  the  stench 
from  the  dead  by  that  time  was  so  great  for  both 
lines  of  the  living  that  he  was  forced  to  get  permis- 
sion, which  would  have  been  granted  at  any  time  he 
asked  for  it.  Many  of  the  badly  wounded  lay  on  the 
ground,  too,  during  that  time,  and  some  died  for  lack 
of  attention. 

Grant  could  have  forced  us  to  surrender  without 
the  loss  of  a man  on  either  side  by  just  surrounding 
us  and  starving  us  out,  as  he  finally  did  when  we  had 
to  capitulate  on  the  4th  day  of  July,  1863. 

During  the  greater  portion  of  the  siege  we  were 
subjected  to  more  or  less  continued  fire  from  small 
arms,  besides  shot  and  shell  from  their  batteries, 
which  were  placed  on  high  points  of  vantage  at  short 
distances  in  the  rear  of  their  entrenched  infantry  line, 
which  line  finally  entrenched  right  close  up  to  our 
line  in  many  places,  as  the  hilly  formation  gave  the 
opposing  force  a chance  to  do  this.  Then,  in  addi- 
tion, the  city  was  shelled  both  day  and  night  by 
heavy  mortar  guns  on  vessels  above  the  city,  which 
easily  threw  shells  of  largest  size  over  the  high  bluff. 
These  came  down  in  almost  every  portion  of  the  city, 
so  the  citizens  had  to  largely  live  underground, 
excavating  into  the  sides  of  the  hills. 

After  the  close  of  the  siege  many  front  lawns  had  a 


294 


Qopfederat^  l/eterap. 

greater  or  less  number  of  long  field  artillery  shells  and  bread,  with  only  water  an  d salt  to  put  in  it,  and  for 


solid  shot  set  up  endwise  on  each  side  of  walk  ways. 
The  mortar  shells  from  the  river  barges  and  boat 
were  so  arranged  and  timed  in  the  bombardment 
that  there  was  nearly  always  from  three  to  four  in 
the  air  at  a time.  While  one  would  be  about  ready  to 
blow  up  the  intended  object,  another  would  be 
about  at  its  highest  point,  then  a third  one  would  be 
about  one-fourth  of  its  distance  from  the  mortar, 
while  the  fourth  one  was  leaving  the  mortar.  We 
had  so  much  of  this  to  contend  with  that  we  got  so 
it  was  not  a bit  of  trouble  to  see  a shell  in  various 
stages. 

While  General  Grant’s  details  of  men  were  engaged 
in  burying  the  dead,  not  a gun  was  fired  along  our 
entire  line,  and  the  blue  and  the  gray  met  between 
lines  in  big  crowds.  Men  from  border  States  on 
both  sides  met  and  guyed  each  other  for  being  on  the 
wrong  side.  And  the  Southern  men  would  quiz  for 
news  about  his  home  and  State,  for  probably  he  had 
not  had  anything  like  a direct  hearing  for  a year  or 
more.  After  the  truce  was  closed,  each  soldier 
resumed  his  place  behind  breastworks,  then  the 
cracking  of  rifles  and  booming  of  cannon  began 
again. 

After  our  surrender  at  Vicksbury,  we  had  a 
bountiful  supply  of  bacon,  crackers,  coffee  and  sugar 
issued  to  us  quickly,  and  we  were  all  mixed  up  to- 
gether for  seven  days  before  being  paroled.  Then  we 
made  our  way  out  singly  or  otherwise  to  get  to  our 
homes  where  not  cut  off  by  the  invading  Federal 
army,  which  then  covered  somewhere  about  one 
fourth  of  the  South.  My  father’s  home  though, 
remained  open  until  about  the  1st  of  March,  1865, 
when  I was  up  in  North  Carolina  with  General  Joe 
Johnston,  confronting  Sherman  on  a second  campaign. 

While  home  on  parole  from  my  Vicksburg  capture, 
several  of  my  neighbor  comrades  and  I went  to  the 
salt  works  in  Clarke  County,  Ala.,  just  below  Jackson, 
taking  with  us  our  trusty  slaves  with  wagons  and 
teams,  and  we  got  a supply  of  salt  sufficient  to  last 
the  rest  of  the  war.  The  Yankee  cavalry,  which  went 
through  the  country  from  the  Gulf  to  Montgomery, 
borrowed  nearly  or  quite  all  of  the  meat  on  hand,  in 
fact,  all  except  what  was  hidden  from  them,  and 
borrowed  some  of  our  best  horses  and  many  other 
things  besides,  and  they  forgot  to  pay  back  any- 
thing; but  I retaliated  to  the  extent  of  a mule  at  the 
close  of  the  war. 

It  has  gone  down  in  history  that  we  were  starved 
out  in  Vicksburg,  so  it  is  appropriate  to  tell  of  the 
quality  and  quantity  of  sustenance  we  had.  At  the 
beginning,  we  had  a limited  quantity  of  flour,  bacon, 
beef,  and  molasses  issued  to  us.  Soon  our  bacon 
gave  out,  and  then  corn  meal  was  resorted  to  for 


com  meal  we  had  to  rob  the  mules  and  horses  of  their 
com.  When  the  corn  was  exhausted,  rice  meal  was 
prepared,  and,  finally,  cow  peas,  full  of  weavils,  was 
ground  to  make  bread,  the  poorest  substitute  for 
bread  of  all  the  edible  grains  we  had.  Though  it  was 
seasoned  with  weevils,  we  just  could  not  make  pea 
bread  taste  like  it  had  been  cooked  enough.  Finally 
our  beef  got  so  near  the  exhaustion  point  that  mule 
meat  was  resorted  to,  and  I guess  the  poorest  and  the 
most  worthless  ones  were  killed  first.  That  rule  had 
been  applied  to  the  beef  cattle.  I learned  that  the 
army  butchers  had  arranged  low  fence  gaps  to  drive 
the  herd  over  just  previous  to  the  killing  every  day, 
and  those  not  able  to  get  over  the  gaps  were  butch- 
ered; and  you  may  rest  assured  that  an  eye  of  grease 
on  top  of  the  pot  where  either  the  beef  or  mule  meat 
was  boiled  would  have  been  good  for  our  sore  eyes. 
About  one-fourth  of  a pound  of  such  beef  was  a man’s 
meat  ration  for  a day.  I remember  trying  to  satisfy 
my  hunger  once  by  eating  rock  salt,  of  which  we  had 
a fair  supply. 

After  being  paroled  we  were  searched  closely  for 
small  arms  (officers  side  arms,  I believe,  were  ex- 
cepted) and  ammunition;  but  I managed  to  conceal 
percussion  caps  in  the  lining  of  my  coat,  and  by 
filling  my  canteen  nearly  full  of  powder  with  coffee 
on  top,  I had  a limited  quantity  of  both  powder  and 
percussion  caps  to  hunt  with  after  I got  home.  I 
was  to  stay  until  exchanged,  which,  was  I remember, 
about  sixty  days,  but  I remained  home  much 
longer,  as  I contracted  malaria  while  in  the  swamp 
below  Jackson,  Ala.,  at  the  salt  works. 

I have  been  informed  that  there  are  as  many 
Federal  graves  in  the  National  Cemetery  at  Vicks- 
burg as  we  had  of  men  at  the  beginning  of  the  siege, 
but  many  of  their  number  died  from  sickness  during 
and  after  the  siege.  The  Federal  army  being  much  in 
the  swamp  lands  of  the  Mississippi  River,  malarial 
fever  played  havoc  in  their  ranks. 


“AFTER  SIXTY-FIVE  YEARS.” 

CONTRIBUTED  BY  MRS.  ALBERT  SIDNEY  PORTER, 
PRESIDENT  OHIO  DIVISION,  U.  D.  C. 

It  is  not  often  the  privilege  of  Divisions  and  Chap- 
ters located  in  Northern  States  to  add  their  bit  in  the 
discovery  of  historical  data  pertaining  to  the  War 
between  the  States,  and  it  is  with  the  keen  delight  of 
the  explorer  into  unknown  territory,  and  the  satisfac- 
tion of  the  pathfinder,  when  we  are  able  to  throw 
light  into  the  dark  recesses  of  the  past. 

By  act  of  Joint  Resolution  No.  10  of  the  Ohio 
State  Legislature,  which  was  passed  on  February  12, 


295 


^oijfederat^  l/eterai). 


the  “Mystery  Letters  of  Camp  Chase  Prison”  were 
authorized  to  be  placed  in  the  custody  of  the  Ohio 
Division,  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 
Those  letters  contain  nothing  of  great  historical 
value.  Prisoners  were  not  allowed  to  write  anything 
contraband,  and  were  limited  to  one  page.  All  letters 
were  left  unsealed  to  be  examined  by  the  Federal 
authorities.  Each  letter  is  marked,  “Examined  and 
approved,”  (signed)  “Kibber,”  which  is  proof  that 
the  letters  were  not  smuggled  out  of  prison,  but  were 
written  with  the  consent  of  the  Federal  officer  in 
charge  of  mail. 

Almost  every  letter  mentions  that  “a  Mrs.  Clark, 
a sister  of  Mr.  Robert  Moon,  of  Memphis,  Tenn., 
will  mail  this  letter  in  Richmond,  as  she  expects  to 
cross  the  line  soon,”  or,  “I  have  just  learned  that  a 
Mrs.  Clark,  a very  kind  lady  who  visits  us  here,  will 
mail  this  letter,  and  am  taking  this  opportunity  to 
write  to  you.” 

The  letters,  with  but  few  exceptions,  are  written 
by  soldiers  who  had  then  but  recently  been  taken 
prisoners.  The  dates  on  the  letters  are  April  19  to 
April  25,  1862,  and  most  of  them  are  written  on  the 
20th  of  April,  which  happened  to  be  on  Easter  Sun- 
day, as  stated  in  some  of  the  letters.  They  write 
that  they  were  “taken  prisoner  at  Island  No.  10, 
Tenn.,  on  the  8th  inst.;  were  surrendered  uncondi- 
tionally, without  firing  a gun.”  In  describing  the 
surrender,  they  write:  “The  staff  officers  were  sent 
to  Fort.  Warren,  Boston;  our  officers  were  sent  here, 
to  be  later  sent  to  Johnson’s  Island,  in  Lake  Erie, 
and  the  men  sent  to  Chicago  and  Springfield,  111, 
About  three  thousand  men  were  surrendered.” 

The  letters  are  mostly  touching  little  messages, 
expressing  love,  and  anxiety  for  their  loved  ones  at 
home,  with  a prayer  for  their  safety,  and  hope  of  an 
early  exchange. 

Each  letter  gives  some  description  of  prison  life, 
and  is  filled  with  praise  for  the  treatment  they  are 
receiving,  expressing  surprise  at  it,  saying;  “We  are 
treated  much  better  than  we  expected.  We  have 
plenty  to  eat,  and  good  cabins  to  stay  in.”  They  also 
tell  of  sickness  among  the  prisoners,  the  most  dreaded 
being  smallpox. 

The  following  letter  gives  a good  account  of  the 
conditions  existing  there: 

April  19,  1862. 

“Dear  Brother:  Ere  this,  you  have  doubtless 
heard  of  the  fate  of  our  regiment.  We  were  uncon- 
ditionally surrendered  (not  taken)  prisoners  of  war 
on  the  8th  inst.,  at  Island  No.  10,  Tenn. 

“You  cannot  imagine  how  humilating  it  was  to  the 
1st  Alabama  to  surrender  their  arms  without  even 
firing  a gun,  although  we  were  surrounded  by  an 
overwhelming  force.  Our  fate  was  not  known  to  us, 


not  even  to  the  colonel  of  the  regiment,  until  eight 
hours  after  the  surrender  was  made  by  our  command- 
ing general,  Brigadier  General  Mackall. 

“ I should  like  very  much  to  enter  into  details  of  the 
affair,  but  as  my  letters  have  to  go  through  an  ordeal 
never  before  known  to  me,  I fear  it  will  be  considered 
contraband,  consequently,  I will  not  attempt  it.  I 
lost  everything  in  the  world  I had  at  camp,  except 
the  clothes  I had  on  my  back,  and  am  here  without  a 
change,  and  but  little  cash. 

“I  hadn’t  a cent  of  current  money  until  I sold  my 
watch,  and  I then  felt  it  my  duty  to  divide  that 
amount  ($70.00)  among  my  friends,  who  were  desti- 
tute, so  my  share  was  quite  small.  With  that  ex- 
ception, I am  getting  along  very  well.  I am  treated 
very  respectfully,  and  get  plenty  of  good,  substantial 
food  to  eat,  and  have  the  pleasure  of  cooking  it  to 
suit  myself. 

“Let  my  fate  be  what  it  may,  I am  perfectly  re- 
signed to  it.  This  imprisonment  is  only  one  of  the 
misfortunes  of  war,  and  if  a soldier  has  done  his  duty, 
and  then  is  made  a prisoner  of  war,  he  cannot  be 
blamed. 

“As  I am  limited  to  only  a page,  I must  close,  al- 
though there  is  much  about  which  I would  be  pleased 
to  write  you  were  I allowed.  You  both  must  write  to 
me  often.  Remember  me  in  kindness  to  your  families, 

“Your  brother,  

The  true  history  of  why  the  letters  never  left 
Ohio  will  always  remain  a mystery.  However,  some 
light  may  be  thrown  upon  the  subject  from  the 
“Story  of  Camp  Chase,”  by  Col.  William  H.  Knauss, 
pages  175-178.  Colonel  Knauss  writes:  “The  fore- 
going letters  were  loaned  by  Mr.  Galbraith,  State 
Librarian,  that  copies  might  be  made,  July,  1904. 
From  that  time  until  October,  diligent  effort  was 
made  to  locate  the  Mrs.  Clark  mentioned  in  the  let- 
ters. Many  of  the  letters  are  published  in  Colonel 
Knauss’  book. 

Through  the  kind  assistance  of  the  late  Mrs.  N.  V. 
Randolph,  of  Richmond,  Va.,  Miss  Virginia  Moon,  a 
sister  of  Mrs.  Clark,  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  was  found, 
who  related  as  much  of  the  history  of  her  sister  in 
those  days  as  she  recalled,  and  gave  the  address  of 
Rev.  Frank  Pinckney  Clark,  of  Front  Royal,  Va.,  as  a 
son  of  Mrs.  Charlotte  Moon  Clark,  and  the  letter 
given  below  tells  as  nearly  as  ever  will  be  known,  per- 
haps the  story  of  the  letters  never  delivered: 

“ I was  only  a child  of  eight  years  when  the  Civil 
War,  began,  so  my  recollections  are  vague,  as  are  often 
the  remembrances  of  boyhood.  I was  afterwards  told 
of  many  of  the  events  of  those  days  and  the  effect 
they  had  upon  our  after  life. 

“At  that  time,  my  father,  Judge  James  Clark,  lived 


296 


^opfederat^  l/eterai). 


at  Hamilton,  Ohio,  where  he  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession  after  his  graduation  from  the  law 
school  at  Cincinnati.  He  soon  became  prominent  in 
the  legal  world,  and  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Court 
of  Common  Pleas  by  the  governor  of  Ohio  about  the 
year  1852.  He  was  afterwards  elected  judge  by  the 
people  of  his  judicial  district  at  least  twice,  and  then 
retired  from  the  bench  to  practice  law.  In  politics, 
he  was  a friend  of  Judge  Thurman  and  Messrs. 
Yallandingham  and  Voorhees  and  others,  and  took 
an  active  part  in  the  campaign  of  Stephen  Douglas. 

“My  mother’s  father,  Robert  S.  Moon,  went 
from  Virginia  to  Oxford,  Butler  County,  Ohio,  back 
in  the  thirties.  He  was  a firm  believer  in  the  teach- 
ings of  Thomas  Jefferson,  both  belonging  to  the  same 
county — Albermarle — in  Virginia.  Among  other  of 
his  political  ideas  was  that  of  the  ultimate  emancipa- 
tion of  slaves  by  their  owners.  He  took  his  own  slaves 
to  Ohio  and  then  to  Indiana,  and  freed  them,  going 
security  for  their  future  good  behavior,  and  I have 
been  told  that  he  had  to  pay  quite  a sum  for  the  mis- 
conduct of  some  of  them. 

“ It  was  at  Oxford,  Ohio,  that  my  father  met  my 
mother.  He  was  a student  at  Miami  University,  and 
she  was  attending  a young  ladies’  school  taught  by 
Dr.  Scott,  whose  daughter,  the  late  Mrs.  Benjamin 
Harrison,  was  one  of  my  mother’s  schoolmates.  My 
parents  were  married  in  1849,  and  the  interval  until 
1860  was  passed  quietly  in  Hamilton.  My  mother’s 
three  brothers  were  in  the  Confederate  army,  two  of 
them  being  Virginians  by  birth. 

“After  the  fall  of  Fort  Donelson  my  mother  heard 
that  one  of  her  brothers  was  at  Camp  Chase.  She 
at  once  went  to  Columbus,  and  Governor  Tod  gave 
her  permission  to  go  through  the  camp  to  find  her 
brother,  although  there  was  no  record  of  his  being 
there.  He  was  not  there;  but  she  found  many  friends 
and  acquaintances  who  were  in  the  prison  camp.  At 
once  my  mother  began  a crusade  to  make  these 
prisoners  as  comfortable  as  possible;  even  succeeding 
in  getting  Governor  Tod  to  parole  some  of  them  in  the 
city  of  Columbus,  where  they  were  able  to  secure 
comfortable  quarters.  In  this  connection,  I have  been 
told  of  a reception  given  the  paroled  prisoners  at 
Judge  Thurman’s  house,  and  that  when  the  Judge 
returned  home,  he  found  his  house  full  of  men  in 
Confederate  uniforms,  with  only  one  blue-coated 
gentleman  present,  an  officer  named  Hunter,  who  had 
been  exceedingly  kind  to  the  prisoners  and  was  very 
popular  with  them. 

“ My  mother  undertook  to  inform  the  relatives  of 
some  of  the  prisoners  of  their  health,  condition,  needs, 
etc.,  and  both  wrote  herself  and  carried  some  of  their 
letters  to  friends  in  Kentucky.  This  brought  about  a 
sudden  catastrophe,  for  two  clergymen  who  were  in 


our  house  when  my  mother  returned  from  one  of 
these  trips  to  Kentucky,  where  she  had  given  letters 
to  one  of  General  Morgan’s  brothers,  and  where  she 
came  near  being  caught  and  arrested  by  one  Colonel 
Metcalf.  These  ministers  wrote  home  to  their  wives 
how  Mrs.  Clark  had  evaded  every  attempt  to  stop 
her,  and  made  her  way  into  the  forbidden  neighbor- 
hood of  the  Morgans.  Unfortunately,  these  ministers 
were  arrested  in  Cincinnati  and  searched. 

“ That  same  night  a telegram  from  Mr.  John  Bond, 
of  Cincinnati,  warned  my  mother,  and  she  left  on  the 
midnight  northern  express  for  Niagara  Falls,  taking 
me  with  her.  We  crossed  the  suspension  bridge  only 
a short  time  before  a telegram  to  arrest  my  mother 
arrived  on  the  New  York  side. 

“This  will  probably  account  for  the  package  of 
letters  being  delayed  so  many  years  in  Columbus.  If 
they  were  written  while  my  mother  was  getting  ready 
for  that  Kentucky  trip,  and  kept  for  her  return  to 
Columbus,  she  never  heard  anything  of  them,  for 
soon  afterwards  she  returned  to  Ohio  to  make  some 
final  arrangements  to  go  South.  She  was  threatened 
with  arrest  by  General  Rosecrans;  but  General 
Burnside,  then  in  Cincinnati,  arrested  my  mother, 
aunt,  and  grandmother,  and  after  detaining  them  a 
short  time,  sent  them  South.  I understood  that 
General  Burnside,  who  was  an  old  friend  of  the  fam- 
ily, took  them  thus  under  his  protection  to  save  them 
from  prison. 

“My  mother  remained  in  the  South  until  after  the 
war  was  over,  when  my  father  settled  in  New  York  to 
practice  law  and  my  mother  began  a literary  career, 
which  brought  increased  luster  upon  her  name,  both 
in  this  country  and  abroad.  In  the  autumn  of  1895, 
she  left  this  life  for  the  greater,  at  my  home,  the 
rectory  of  St,  George’s  Protestant  Episcopal  Church, 
West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

“In  ‘The  Modem  Hager,’  my  mother  gave  a 
graphic  account  of  the  1856  convention  held  in 
Cincinnati,  which  Mr.  Charles  Anderson  brother  of 
General  Robert  Anderson,  esteemed  one  of  the  best 
pieces  of  writing  with  which  he  was  acquainted.  My 
mother’s  full  name  was  Mrs.  Charlotte  Moon  Clark, 
and  her  nom  de  plume  was  Charles  M.  Clay,  she  being 
a descendant  of  the  Clays  on  her  mother’s  side,  and 
of  the  Moons,  and  one  of  the  first  colonial  governors 
of  Virginia,  Thomas  Digges,  on  her  father’s  side. 

“Besides  corresponding  for  the  Southern  and 
Philadelphia  journals,  when  abroad  in  the  seventies, 
she  did  much  journalistic  work  at  home,  after  her 
return  to  New  York,  and  wrote  the  following  novels: 
‘Baby  Rue,’  ‘The  Modern  Hager,’  ‘How  She  Came 
into  Her  Kingdom.’ 

“By  such  critics  as  George  Cary  Eaggleston.  ‘The 
Modern  Hager’  was  esteemed  a great  book.” 


^opfederat^  l/eterai). 


Mr.  Clark’s  letter  has  been  used,  believing  the 
story  of  his  mother’s  work  for  the  South  more  in- 
teresting as  related  by  himself  than  any  story  which 
might  be  written  with  the  letter  as  foundation. 

It  is  the  desire  of  the  Ohio  Division  to  return  these 
letters  to  the  living  descendants  of  the  men  who 
wrote  them  or  of  those  to  whom  addressed  or  to  the 
writers  if  any  are  living.  It  will  be  interesting  to 
follow  up  the  disposal  of  the  letters,  and  anything  of 
interest  will  be  reported. 

All  claimants  will  be  asked  to  furnish  authentic 
proof  of  their  claim  upon  the  letters  and  state  their 
relationship  to  the  writer.  Unclaimed  letters  will  be 
sent  to  the  Confederate  Museum  at  Richmond,  Va. 

The  letters  have  been  listed  by  States,  the  Alabama 
list  being  given  here,  the  other  lists  to  follow  in  the 
Veteran  for  September. 

John  Custer  to  Mrs.  M.  A.  Custer,  Detroy, 
Marion  County. 

Martha  L.  Chapman,  Limestone  County,  Ala.,  to 
her  husband,  J.  L.  Chapman,  Camp  Chase,  Ohio. 

J.  H.  Christian  to  J.  T.  P.  Christian,  Youngsville, 
Tallapoosa  County. 

R.  M.  Clark  to  James  S.  Clark,  Esq.,  Moulton. 

Lieut.  Forney  Clark,  to  Mr.  Austin  Clark,  Ann 
Ridge,  Coffee  County. 

Lieut.  J.  Q.  Durham  to  Josiah  Durham,  Mill  Town. 

Lieut.  W.  B.  Felton,  1st  Ala.  Reg.,  to  Mr.  J.  L. 
Stroud,  Richmond,  Va.;  to  Mr.  Noah  Felton, 
Loachapoka. 

A.  H.  Feiguson  to  Mrs.  A.  Wier,  Carrollton. 

D.  R.  Fletcher  to  Mrs.  D.  R.  Fletcher,  no  address; 
to  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Fletcher  (mother),  Henryville. 

T.  T.  Foster  to  T.  Boyd  Foster,  Esq.,  Stevenson. 

Lieut.  C.  E.  Futch  to  Mrs.  N.  A.  C.  Mooney, 
Fayette  Court  House;  to  T.  P.  Officer,  Esq.,  Mobile. 

Lieut.  R.  Gaillard,  1st  Ala.,  to  Edmund  Gaillard, 
Camden,  Wilcox  County;  one  to  Thomas  H.  Watts, 
Richmond,  Va. 

J.  H.  Gibson  to  Mrs.  Permelia  Gibson  (mother), 
Stevenson. 

Jonas  Griffin  and  Charles  McCall  to  Edward 
McCall,  DeSotoville. 

D.  S.  Hall  to  Mrs.  D.  S.  Hall,  Pratsville,  Autauga 
County. 

Z.  M.  Hall  to  Mrs.  S.  S.  Griffin,  Butler,  Choctaw 
County. 

Lieut.  J.  Henderson  to  John  Henderson,  Esq., 
Talladega. 

Capt.  J.  P.  Jackson,  50th  Reg.  Tenn.  Vol.,  to  Mrs. 
Caroline  Jackson,  and  William  Irvin,  Newsite. 

James  Jackson  to  Dr.  W.  B.  Garrison,  Guntersville. 

Lieut.  Cader  C.  Knowles  to  W.  W.  Drake, 


2 9 

Auburn;  one  to  Mrs.  Sarah  C.  Knowles,  Loachapoka; 
another  to  William  Nunn,  Auburn. 

Major  S.  T.  Knox  to  Dr.  J.  C.  Knox,  Talladega. 
Lieut.  L.  J.  Laird,  1st  Ala.,  to  E.  M.  Kield,  Eu- 
faula. 

Capt.  M.  B.  Locke,  1st  Ala.,  to  Misses  W.  H.  & A. 
J.  Locke,  Eufaula;  one  to  Mr.  Jesse  Locke,  Perote; 
and  to  Mrs.  John  F.  Allen,  Monticello. 

Hardin  Long  to  Mrs.  A.  H.  Long,  Bridgeport. 
First  Lieut.  Thos.  M.  McGehee,  27th  Ala.,  to  Thos. 

H.  Foster,  Richmond,  Va. 

Joseph  McGehee  to  Mrs.  I.  C.  McGehee,  Talladega. 

I.  T.  Menefee  to  Rev.  W.  Menefee,  Tuskegee. 
Lieut.  S.  B.  Moore,  1st  Ala.,  to  Capt.  J.  W. 

Kenny,  Montgomery. 

Capt.  D.  W.  Ramsey  to  Rev  A.  B.  Ramsey, 
Allentown. 

R.  H.  Riley  to  Mrs.  Mollie  Riley,  Perote. 

Capt.  J.  W.  Rush  to  his  father,  no  address;  to 
Mrs.  J.  W.  Rush,  Selma. 

J.  H.  Sanford  to  Asa  Sanford,  Dadeville. 

Lieut.  F.  T.  Scott  to  Mrs.  E.  S.  Scott,  Gainesville. 
A.  J.  Sisbunk  to  Walter  E.  Sisbunk,  Tuskegee. 

W.  S.  Smith  to  Mrs.  H.  E.  Smith,  Oaktuppa. 

W.  H.  Stanton,  Loachapoka,  Ala.,  to  his  brother, 

Camp  Chase,  Ohio. 

Capt.  John  B.  Stuart,  Co.  H,  27th  Ala.  Reg., 
Summerville,  Ala.,  to  Thomas  J.  Foster,  M.  C., 
Richmond,  Va. 

S.  C.  T witty  to  Mrs.  S.  C.  T witty,  Athens. 

J.  F.  Whitfield  to  Lieut.  M.  E.  Pratt,  Prattville; 
to  Mrs.  J.  F.  Whitfield,  Montgomery 
John  H.  Wood  to  A.  E.  Wood  (father),  Brundidge. 


NORTH  CAROLINA’S  DEVELOPMENTS. 

(Report  of  Department  of  Conservation.) 

In  the  last  twenty  years  the  value  of  products  from 
North  Carolina  factories  has  increased  433  per  cent 
from  $216,656,000  in  1909  to  $1,154,656,612  for 
the  year  1927.  During  the  same  period  the  State  built 
more  than  7,500  miles  of  good  roads  at  a cost  of 
about  $155,000,000,  while  expenditures  for  education 
increased  more  than  1,000  per  cent,  or  from  $3,178,- 
950,  in  1909  to  more  than  $35,000,000  in  1928.  Agri- 
culture has  also  shared  in  this  rapid  growth.  The 
value  of  the  crops  in  North  Carolina  for  1909  was 
$131,072,000  and  for  1927  was  $361,605,000,  showing 
175  per  cent  increase.  In  the  same  period  the  output 
of  furniture  has  increased  3,400  per  cent,  or  from 
$1,547,000  in  1909  to  $53,551,000  in  1927;  mineral 
products  340  per  cent,  or  from  $2,874,000  in  1909  to 
$12,610,000  in  1927 ; forest  and  timber  products  361 
per  cent,  or  from  $33,525,000  in  1909  to  $153,190,000 
in  1927. — Raleigh  News  and  Observer. 


298 


Qoqfederat^  l/eterap. 


WITH  THE  PALMETTO  RIFLEMEN. 

[Experiences  of  the  late  Capt.  Peter  A.  McDavid, 
of  Greenville,  S.  C.,  as  a member  of  that  famous 
South  Carolina  command.] 

This  was  in  the  spring  of  1863,  and  the  war  seemed 
to  be  no  nearer  its  end  than  the  year  before.  We 
had  many  little  battles  on  the  Blackwater  and  one 
at  Suffolk,  but  not  many  killed.  This  was  where  we 
had  had  shad  in  great  abundance,  for  this  is  a great 
fish  country.  As  spring  advanced  and  the  roads 
improved,  the  campaign  of  1863  opened  in  earnest. 
General  Lee  assumed  the  aggressive,  moved  his  army 
to  the  attack  at  Chancellorsville,  where  the  saddest 
event  of  the  war  occurred — the  great  and  good 
Stonewall  Jackson  was  killed  by  his  friends.  A 
gloom  overspread  the  whole  army.  The  loss  was  a 
severe  blow  to  the  South.  General  Lee  moved  his 
army  north  and  again  crossed  the  Potomac,  but  at 
the  earnest  request  of  President  Davis,  Jenkins’s 
Brigade  was  left  to  guard  Richmond  and  Petersburg, 
where  we  spent  the  summer,  had  new  uniforms, 
marched  and  countermarched  through  the  streets 
of  Richmond,  visited  the  young  ladies,  and  had  a 
good  time,  while  terrible  events  were  being  enacted 
at  Gettysburg.  We  were  called  “ Davis’s  Pet 
Lambs,”  but  it  was  not  the  will  of  our  noble  Briga- 
dier Micah  Jenkins.  He  wanted  to  go  with  General 
Lee  and  was  disappointed  when  he  was  detached. 
Lee  knew  his  value  and  also  regretted  that  he  had 
to  yield  to  the  wishes  of  the  President.  See  General 
Lee'  on  Jenkins’s  absence  from  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg: 

“Headquarters  Army  Northern  Virginia, 
August,  1863. 

“Dear  General:  I regret  exceedingly  the  absence 
of  yourself  and  your  brigade  from  the  battle  of  Get- 
tysburg. There  is  no  telling  what  a gallant  brigade 
led  by  an  efficient  commander  might  have  accom- 
plished when  victory  trembled  in  the  balance.  I 
verily  believe  that  the  result  would  have  been  dif- 
ferent if  you  had  been  present. 

R.  E.  Lee,  General.” 

What  a tribute  to  Micah  Jenkins  and  his  brigade, 
coming  from  the  pen  of  the  noble  Christian,  Lee. 

General  Bragg  was  being  hard  pressed  in  Tennes- 
see, and  Longstreet  was  detached  and  hurried  to  his 
rescue.  Jenkins’s  Brigade  was  picked  up  and  took 
its  old  position  in  this  fighting  corps,  but  did  not 
get  to  Missionary  Ridge  in  time  to  take  part  in  that 
hard  struggle  with  the  brigades  that  preceded  it. 

We  camped  in  the  valley  of  Lookout  Mountain  and 
had  many  stirring  events  at  that  place.  The  most 
notable  was  the  night  battle  in  Will’s  Valley  beyond 
the  mountain.  We  crossed  the  mountain  at  night 


and  cautiously  felt  our  way  to  the  camp  of  the 
wagon  train,  which  we  expected  to  capture,  as  we 
were  informed  by  scouts  that  there  was  only  one 
brigade  to  guard  it.  We  succeeded  in  capturing  the 
camp,  but  a whole  division  swarmed  out  like  bees, 
and  we  had  a fearful  battle  at  close  range,  and  it 
was  with  great  difficulty  that  we  got  out,  for  they 
almost  had  us  surrounded  and  cut  off;  but  General 
Jenkins  was  equal  to  the  occasion  and  managed  to 
pull  us  out.  That  battle  was  a mistake,  but  Jenkins 
was  not  to  blame.  The  scouts  were  deceived,  for 
there  were  too  many  for  one  brigade. 

Our  loss  at  Will’s  Valley  were  many  brave  men, 
and  I cannot  remember  all,  but  I do  remember  that 
Col.  Whit  Kilpatrick,  the  brave  commander  of  the 
1st  South  Carolina;  Lieut.  William  Poe,  Palmetto 
Rifles,  Lieut.  Gus  Vandiver,  Company  F,  2nd 
Rifles,  and  many  brave  privates. 

Soon  after  this  battle  I was  sent  on  picket  in  com- 
mand of  my  company,  having  been  promoted  to 
first  lieutenant.  I was  ordered  to  find  out  where 
the  enemy  picket  line  was  located,  and  I called  for 
a volunteer  to  perform  that  duty.  Private  James 
Snipes  performed  that  duty  well.  He  not  only 
located  the  line,  but  captured  a rifle  and  canteen. 
The  latter  he  presented  to  me. 

It  was  very  dusty  around  Lookout  Mountain 
until  it  rained,  then  the  mud  was  fearful.  I made 
many  trips  to  Point  Lookout  by  climbing  the  moun- 
tain. The  Yankees  had  a battery  at  Moccasin 
Bend,  called  the  Moccasin  Battery.  It  had  the  right 
name,  for  it  fired  on  us  everytime  it  could  get  a 
glimpse  of  us. 

While  camping  there,  some  of  my  company  would 
go  on  the  slopes  of  the  mountain  and  kill  ground 
hogs,  dress  and  cook  them,  so  we  fared  well  when  we 
had  that  kind  of  meat.  ’Twas  here  that  Col.  Thomas 
Thompson  was  asked  to  resign  by  the  officers  of  the 
regiment.  He  declined,  but  having  been  elected  to 
the  State  senate,  he  sent  in  his  resignation  from 
Columbia.  This  caused  a complete  change  in  our 
officers.  The  colonel  and  major  resigned,  and  Col. 

R.  E.  Bowson,  Lieut.  Col.  D.  L.  Conald,  and  Maj. 

S.  P.  Dendy  were  made  our  field  officers,  positions 
they  held  until  the  surrender  of  Lee. 

General  Longstreet  was  ordered  to  Knoxville,  and 
his  noble  corps  was  once  more  on  the  move.  I was 
so  unwell  at  that  time  that  the  surgeon,  Dr.  B.  F. 
Brown,  sent  me  to  Atlanta  to  a hospital.  In  a few 
days  my  brother  James  was  sent  to  the  same  place, 
so  we  missed  that  part  of  Longstreet’s  movement. 
We  were  transferred  from  Atlanta  to  Macon.  The 
Christmas  holidays  were  drawing  nigh,  and,  there 
being  no  chance  to  reach  our  command,  we  got  a 
transfer  to  the  hospital  at  Columbia  and  a leave  of 


299 


C^opfederat^  l/eterai). 


absence  for  a week,  so  we,  for  the  first  time  since 
hostilities  began,  were  home  at  the  same  time, 
where  we  enjoyed  all  the  good  things  that  a thought- 
ful mother  could  bestow  on  her  soldier  boys.  I re- 
member it  all  with  true  loving  gratitude. 

When  we  left  home,  our  dear,  good  mother  filled 
a large  bag  full  of  good  things  to  eat  on  our  journey. 
I remember  sausages,  spareribs,  cakes  of  butter, 
sweet  cakes,  and  the  best  potato  biscuits  I ever 
tasted.  It  was  well  we  had  all  this,  for  it  took  us 
many  days  to  reach  our  command.  We  went  by 
Columbia,  thence  to  Petersburg  and  Richmond,  Va., 
where  we  called  to  see  Colonel  Orr,  who  was  in  the 
Confederate  States  Senate.  Adjutant  J.  Clark 
Wardlaw  joined  us  and  we  boarded  the  train  for 
Lynchburg  and  took  the  East  Tennessee  and  Virginia 
Railroad  for  Knoxville.  We  had  not  gone  far  until 
we  found  that  the  trestles  had  been  burned,  so  we 
had  to  walk  a long  way  to  reach  the  army.  Here  is 
where  our  mother’s  good  food  came  in.  We  certain- 
ly made  good  use  of  all  we  had,  and  the  adjutant, 
like  myself,  gave  his  verdict  that  those  potato 
biscuits  were  the  best  he  ever  tasted.  We  enjoyed 
that  long  march,  for  we  took  our  own  time  and 
stopped  whenever  we  found  pretty  girls  to  entertain 
us. 

We  spent  one  night  in  the  town  of  Greeneville, 
Tenn.,  the  home  of  Andrew  Johnson,  and  his  old 
tailor  shop  was  pointed  out  to  us;  also  where  Gen. 
John  Morgan  was  assassinated.  We  made  some 
nice  acquaintances  there — the  Misses  Brown,  rela- 
tives of  the  Broyles  of  Anderson,  and  a very  old 
lady — Miss  Rebecca  Field.  She  was  a very  talented 
woman  and  had  quite  a correspondence  with  the 
adjutant  afterwards. 

We  found  our  command  at  Morristown  and  there 
we  held  an  election  for  county  officers.  As  soldiers, 
we  were  allowed  to  vote  in  the  army.  We  all  voted 
for  W.  T.  Shumate  for  sheriff,  who  was  elected. 

The  army  was  living  on  very  light  rations  when  we 
got  there.  It  was  hard  to  get  supplies  and  there  was 
much  robbing  of  hen  roosts  and  smokehouses  going 
on.  We  made  our  bread  from  a substance  that  re- 
sembled bran  more  than  meal. 

A battalion  of  several  companies  was  detailed  with 
Colonel  Donnald,  commander,  and  myself  as  adju- 
tant, to  go  into  the  valleys  and  caves  of  Chucky 
River  to  gather  up  beeves,  and  while  we  were  on  this 
detail  we  lived  well,  for  we  got  all  the  apples,  cab- 
bages, chickens,  butter,  honey,  and  cider  that  we 
wanted,  and  besides  we  sent  back  to  the  army  many 
cattle  for  beef.  When  we  returned  we  were  soon 
put  on  the  march  again,  wending  our  way  to  join  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  to  meet  General  Grant 


on  the  bloody  field  of  the  Wilderness.  We  camped 
near  Gordonsville,  where  I was  again  too  unwell  for 
duty,  and  was  sent  to  Liberty,  now  Bedford  City. 
In  this  way  I missed  being  in  that  battle  where  our 
noble  brigader  was  killed,  just  at  the  head  of  my 
company,  by  a shot  from  his  friends,  and  Longstreet 
was  severely  wounded  by  the  same  mistaken  volley. 

The  hospital  being  crowded,  General  Lee  requested 
the  citizens  to  invite  convalescent  soldiers  to  be  their 
guests  in  order  to  have  room  for  the  wounded.  R.  N. 
Kelso,  a fine  old  gentleman,  invited  me  to  his  home 
and  told  me  to  select  three  others.  I accepted  and 
called  on  Capt.  C.  Benton  Burns,  Captain  Smith  of 
South  Carolina,  and  Captain  Coleman,  of  Alabama, 
so  we  four  were  driven  to  Fancy  Farm  under  the 
shadow  of  the  beautiful  Peaks  of  Otter,  where  we 
spent  a most  delightful  week  and  formed  many 
acquaintances  among  the  fair  sex.  This  was  the 
cause  of  a marriage  soon  after,  for  Captain  Coleman 
married  a Miss  Mosely,  who  was  related  to  the  Kel- 
sos.  But  Captain  Bums  and  I got  well  too  fast,  and 
as  we  were  ashamed  to  stay  away  from  our  command, 
we  soon  left? 

When  I reached  my  command,  I found  it  very 
much  reduced  in  number,  so  many  had  been  killed  or 
disabled,  and  the  captain  very  severely  wounded.  I 
assumed  command  and  fought  with  my  company  al- 
most daily  from  Cold  Harbor  on  down  to  the  James 
River  and  across  to  Petersburg  in  the  trenches; 
close  to  the  Crater,  where  Grant  inhumanly  under- 
mined our  fortifications  and  blew  them  up.  In  these 
trenches  I suffered  more  than  any  place  of  my  whole 
experience.  We  could  not  raise  our  heads  above  the 
works  without  a Minie  ball  whizzing  by,  and  the 
mortor  shells  could  be  dropped  right  into  the  trenches. 
It  was  here  that  my  dear  favorite  soldier  boy  fell 
across  my  legs,  a Minie  ball  having  pierced  his 
brain.  I had  him  buried  at  night  and  marked  a 
plank  for  his  headpiece:  “W.  C.  Branyon,  Gallant 
Soldier,  Rest  in  Peace.” 

Just  a few  mights  before  the  blow-up  at  Peters- 
burg, we  were  moved  to  the  north  side  of  the  James. 
We  were  skirmishing  almost  daily.  On  the  13th  of 
August,  1864,  I was  placed  in  command  of  my  own 
and  two  other  companies,  to  go  on  the  picket  line. 
We  went  about  a mile  in  advance  of  our  brigade  to  a 
skirt  of  woods , where  I deployed  my  men . W e keep  on 
the  alert  all  that  day  and  night. 

Near  the  time  for  us  to  be  relieved  on  Sunday,  the 
14th  of  August,  1864, 1 heard  the  Georgians  away  to 
my  left  shouting,  “ Look  out  on  the  right! ” and  at  the 
same  time  retreating.  Almost  at  the  same  time  a line 
of  battle  emerged  from  the  woods  and  opened  a 
deadly  fusilade  at  my  thin  line  of  skirmishers.  I 


300 


^ogfederat^  l/eterai). 


ordered  my  line  to  fall  back  across  a corn  field  to  a 
bluff  near  a branch,  where  I ordered  a halt  to  give 
battle.  As  my  line  commenced  firing,  I fell,  shot  in 
the  head,  and  in  a few  seconds  became  unconscious. 
I was  left  by  my  men,  they  thinking  and  reporting 
that  I was  killed.  I fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy, 
but  was  not  conscious  of  it;  don’t  know  how  they 
carried  me  or  how  I came  to  have  my  coat  on,  as  my 
brother  found  my  vest  the  next  day.  I had  a small 
Bible  in  my  pocket  that  I prized  very  much,  as  it  was 
presented  to  me  by  my  brother-in-law,  the  Rev.  V. 
A.  Sharpe.  My  name  was  written  on  the  flyleaf,  also 
my  address. 

When  I came  to  myself  I was  on  a stretcher  near 
the  north  banks  of  the  James  River,  at  Deep  Bottom, 
where  General  Grant  crossed  a portion  of  his  army 
to  the  south  side.  I was  surrounded  by  a squad  of 
the  blue  coats,  who  told  me  to  rouse  up,  that  I must 
be  put  on  the  boat.  In  a semiconscious  manner  I 
remember  asking  for  my  sword  and  canteen,  and  the 
reply  was:  “I  guess  you  will  not  get  your  sword,  but 
here  is  a canteen.”  It  was  then  I realized  that  I was  a 
prisoner.  I was  wounded  in  the  early  morning  and 
when  I found  myself  at  the  boat  landing,  it  was  near 
sunset.  Just  at  this  time,  General  Grant  came  by 
and  there  was  great  cheering  as  he  rode  away.  I got 
a very  good  look  at  him  just  for  a moment,  then  I 
was  tenderly  lifted  and  carried  away  to  the  boat, 
where  I was  placed  on  a cot  and  a surgeon  was  at  my 
side  in  a few  minutes,  washed  the  blood  from  my  head 
and  face,  and  had  a barber  to  shave  the  whole  left 
side  of  my  head . Then  he  placed  cotton  and  a bandage 
around  my  head.  He  was  very  gentle  and  spoke 
very  kindly  to  me,  but  said  very  little  about  my 
wound.  After  he  had  finished  dressing  my  head,  he 
gave  me  a large  watermelon  and  told  me  to  eat  what 
I wanted  of  it.  A wounded  Yankee  was  on  the  next 
cot,  and  I told  him  to  cut  it  and  help  himself,  which 
he  did.  I took  one  swallow,  which  caused  me  to 
vomit,  and  I became  unconscious  and  remained  in 
that  condition  till  I reached  Fortress  Monroe,  where 
I was  placed  in  the  room  of  a large  building  that  was 
used  for  the  wounded  commissioned  officers.  Several 
Confederate  officers  were  already  there,  and  they 
began  to  ask  questions,  I was  talking  in  a discon- 
nected way  when  one  kindly  said:  “You  are  a little 
off;  don’t  talk  any  more  now.”  I don’t  remember 
all  of  my  roommates  while  I was  a prisoner,  but  I 
call  to  mind  there  was  General  Walker,  who  had  lost 
a leg;  Captain  Mason,  who  was  on  General  Fields’ 
staff;  Capt.  E.  W.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  and  Lieutenant 
McEachem,  of  North  Carolina.  The  surgeon  in 
charge  of  the  hospital  was  Dr.  McClellan,  a cousin  of 
the  General,  and  a brother  of  H.  B.  McClellan,  who 


was  on  General  Lee’s  staff.  He  was  very  attentive  to 
me,  gave  me  a great  deal  of  attention,  talked  freely 
about  my  wound,  that  it  was  very  dangerous,  and  how 
cautious  I must  be,  that  a very  light  lick  or  jar  would 
kill  me,  etc.  He  also  talked  in  great  confidence  about 
the  war  and  that  his  sympathies  were  with  the  South, 
but  it  would  not  do  for  him  to  talk  it  except  to  those 
whom  he  could  trust.  He  told  me  that  his  brother 
was  on  General  Lee’s  staff. 

(Concluded  in  September.) 


WHY  FORT  DONELSON  WAS 
SURRENDERED. 

CONTRIBUTED  BY  ROBERT  M.  HUGHES,  NORFOLK,  VA. 

Gen.  John  B.  Floyd  and  the  Fight  at  Fort 
Donelson. 

Recently,  in  looking  through  some  papers  of  my 
father,  Judge  Robert  W.  Hughes,  I found  a discus- 
sion of  General  Floyd’s  part  in  the  Fort  Donelson 
fight  and  surrender,  written  by  Maj.  Peter  J.  Otey, 
who  was  a member  of  his  staff.  It  was  prompted  by 
an  article  by  Gen.  W.  F.  (“Baldy”)  Smith,  published 
in  Volume  15,  page  29,  of  the  Magazine  of  American 
History,  and  by  the  biography  of  Gen.  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston,  written  by  his  son,  William  Preston  John- 
ston. My  father  long  intended  to  write  a suitable 
biography  of  Governor  Floyd,  but  his  judicial  duties 
never  afforded  him  an  opportunity. 

The  best  account  of  the  Donelson  affair  is  that  of 
Gen.  Lew  Wallace,  published  in  Volume  1,  page  398, 
“Battles  and  Leaders  of  the  Civil  War.”  It  has  a few 
errors  (for  instance,  the  statement  that  Floyd  was 
then  under  indictment,  the  indictment  having  been 
quashed  nearly  a year  previous),  some  of  which  was 
explained  by  the  Otey  article. 

Floyd,  with  his  command,  arrived  at  Donelson  the 
morning  of  February  13,  1862,  having  been  ordered 
there  by  Johnston.  Fighting  had  commenced  before 
his  arrival.  The  opposing  forces  were  then  about 
equal  numerically,  but  Grant  had  the  support  of  a 
gunboat  flotilla  flushed  with  its  victory  at  Fort 
Henry,  and  affording  rapid  means  of  concentration 
and  transportation.  The  13th  was  employed  by 
Floyd  in  studying  the  ground,  landing  the  necessary 
supplies,  stationing  his  troops,  and  conferring  with 
the  other  commanders.  The  chief  command  de- 
volved on  him  by  virtue  of  his  rank.  General  Wallace 
criticizes  him  for  inaction  on  the  14th.  That  morning 
the  gunboats  made  their  attack.  In  view  of  their 
success  at  Fort  Henry,  it  was  not  known  whether  the 
forts  could  withstand  their  attack  or  not,  a question 
which  largely  affected  land  operations.  But  Major 
Otey’s  paper  shows  that  he  had  planned  an  attack 
on  McClernand  for  the  purpose  of  breaking  the  in- 
vesting line  early  that  afternoon,  that  the  orders  for 


Qopfederat^  l/eterarj 


301 


that  purpose  had  been  given,  and  the  assaulting 
column  actually  withdrawn  from  the  trenches,  when 
Pillow,  without  Floyd’s  knowledge,  called  it  off,  a 
fact  unknown  to  Floyd  till  too  late  to  renew  it  with 
any  hope  of  success.  When  the  attack  was  ordered, 
Lew  Wallace’s  Division  had  not  come  up,  which 
would  have  greatly  increased  the  chance  of  success. 

Wallace  also  criticises  Floyd  for  not  withdrawing 
after  the  successful  attack  of  the  next  day,  and  the 
implication,  both  in  his  article  and  Johnston’s  book, 
is  that  Floyd  vacillated  between  Pillow  and  Buckner 
until  it  was  too  late.  Here,  too,  Otey  shows  that 
Pillow  ordered  the  troops  back  to  the  trenches  with- 
out consulting  or  advising  Floyd  of  the  fact,  and  that 
the  latter  did  not  find  it  out  till  too  late. 

Otey  was  not  at  the  council  which  decided  on  a 
surrender.  As  the  only  purpose  of  this  preface  is  to 
explain  his  article,  I do  not  discuss  the  propriety  of 
Floyd’s  withdrawing  with  his  command.  To  do  so 
intelligently  would  require  more  space  than  is  now 
available.  At  some  future  date  I hope  to  make  this 
the  subject  of  a special  discussion;  and  I believe  that 
I can  convince  the  impartial  reader  that  his  action 
was  proper. 

To  the  reader  who  has  not  time  to  wade  through 
the  tedious  reports  and  correspondence  contained  in 
the  Official  War  Records,  the  Lew  Wallace  article,  in 
conjunction  with  that  of  Major  Otey,  is  specially  rec- 
ommended. Close  study  should  be  made  of  the 
map  on  page  402  of  the  Wallace  article,  in  connection 
with  that  on  page  434  of  the  Johnston  book.  They 
supplement  each  other,  as  the  Wallace  map  gives  the 
relative  positions  of  the  Union  forces,  but  not  of  the 
Confederate,  while  the  Johnston  book  gives  the 
Confederate  positions  as  well. 

Major  Otey’s  Letter. 

Lynchburg,  January  7,  1886. 

Judge  R.  W.  Hughes,  Norfolk,  Va. 

Dear  Judge:  I sent  on  for  the  magazine  and  have 
read  the  article.  I have  read  several  other  articles. 
I have  also  (at  his  request)  read  Col.  Preston  John- 
ston’s book  and  made  special  notes  about  Donelson 
and  sent  them  to  him  about  a year  ago.  I cannot 
trust  myself  to  write  on  the  subject  for  fear  of  paral- 
izing  those  to  whom  I write  with  my  prolixity.  For 
it  is  strange  that  those  who  profess  to  give  true 
coloring  to  historical  events  should  so  far  blot  and 
blur  the  account  of  the  great  fight  at  Donelson. 
General  Floyd  discussed  the  great  danger  of  con- 
centrating at  Donelson  while  he  was  at  Clarksville, 
and  wrote  (for  I penned  the  letter  at  his  dictation) 
to  the  commanding  general  that  he  was  appalled  at 
the  scattered  condition  of  his  forces  and  moreover, 
advised  concentration  and  resistance  at  Cumberland 


City  rather  than  at  Donelson;  for,  said  he,  “in  case  of 
disaster,  a road  for  withdrawal  would  be  open, 
whereas  at  Donelson  it  would  be  closed.”  Still  he 
deferred  to  the  commanding  general,  who  was 
strengthened  in  his  views  by  dispatches  from  Pillow 
that  the  place  was  impregnable.  He  landed  at 
Donelson  near  daybreak  and  at  once  went  on  the 
lines.  I was,  as  you  know,  close  to  him  officially.  I 
was  Assistant  Adjutant  General  and  received  the 
daily  reports.  Memory  is  no  bookkeeper,  yet  I am 
certain  that  the  total  “fit  for  duty”  on  that  morning 
were  14,000  in  round  numbers — not  up  to  15,000. 
This  embraced  one  thousand  at  Fort  Defiance  (Fort 
Defiance  was  up  the  Cumberland  River,  but  below 
Clarksville,  on  the  same  side  of  the  river  as  Clarks- 
ville) and  a battalion  at  Cumberland  City  (infantry), 
and  some  other  scattered  cavalry  there  and  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Cumberland  River.  I will  state 
further  that  I do  not  think  that  14,000  embraced 
some  five  hundred  of  Forrest’s  cavalry.  But  I am 
sure  that  there  were  no  13,000  engaged  when  the 
fight  began  at  Donelson.  The  Cumberland  City  Bat- 
talion was  brought  down  late  on  the  day  of  the  15th. 

Well,  the  13th  was  a day  of  desultory  firing  all 
along  the  line,  with  a sharp  encounter  on  our  left, 
what  Smith  speaks  of  as  redan  No.  2,  I suppose, 
though  I knew  of  no  redan  on  our  left,  only  rifle  pits. 
Sharp  artillery  dueling  was  kept  up  after  ten  o’clock 
in  the  day  on  our  right  center  and  center.  A sharp 
attack  was  repulsed,  and  they  left  their  dead  in  view 
of  us,  some  of  the  wounded  barely  escaping  being 
burned  from  the  fire  occasioned  by  burning  under- 
growth. Indeed,  it  was  said  that  some  of  them  were 
burned  to  death.  On  the  14th  there  was  great  stir 
and  excitement  when  it  was  announced  that  the 
gunboats  were  approaching.  And  just  here  is  a part 
of  the  history  of  the  fight  which  I have  never  seen 
anywhere  save  in  Johnston’s  book,  and  there  it  is 
very  incorrect.  It  was  a part  in  which  I was  a factor 
by  reason  of  being  the  bearer  of  orders,  and  hence  I 
know  whereof  I speak.  You  remember  that  a council 
of  war  was  called  on  the  14th  at  night,  and  it  was 
determined  to  attack  next  morning  (bear  in  mind 
that  stress  is  laid  on  this  fact) — to  do  what?  to  make 
a sortie  in  force  and  relieve  the  garrison.  But  what 
would  this  historian  say  if  he  knew  that  during  the 
gunboat  attack  that  there  was  at  the  same  time  for 
just  an  hour  or  so  furious  attacks  by  infantry  along 
our  whole  front  with  artillery  and  infantry  and  in 
some  places  partial  assaults?  The  commanding  gen- 
eral had  conceived  and  ordered  an  attack  on  the 
enemy’s  extreme  left  without  any  council  of  war 
(certainly  none  that  I knew  of,  and  I was  constantly 
by  the  commanding  general’s  side).  What  would 


302 


Qoi}federafc^  l/eterap. 


they  say  if  they  knew  that  General  Floyd  ordered 
the  attack?  The  column  was  formed,  and  they  were 
about  to  emerge  from  the  works,  that  the  reserve  was 
at  the  “point  d’appui,”  and  that  a singular  fatality 
over  which  he  had  nothing  to  do  prevented  it,  the 
same  fatality  that  lost  us  Wynne’s  Ferry  road?  The 
following  are  the  facts: 

The  gunboat  attack  commenced  about  two  o’clock, 
not  three.  General  Floyd  was  very  anxious  about  the 
gunboats;  he  dreaded  them.  Yet  he  maintained  his 
equipoise  and  while  looking  at  the  gunboat  fight  kept 
an  eye  on  what  he  always  from  the  beginning  regard- 
ed as  the  only  thing  to  be  done;  that  was,  to  withdraw 
from  what  he  deemed  a trap.  So,  as  I stated,  he  sent 
for  Pillow  and  told  him  (of  course,  he  had  learned  it 
before  and  had  talked  to  Pillow  and  the  brigade  com- 
manders that  morning  about  it)  to  get  the  column 
ready,  that  he  would  move  out  and  attack  the  enemy 
on  our  left  at  once. 

McClernand  had  gotten  to  the  river  or  backwater 
on  our  left,  and  we  were  invested.  Before  the  gun- 
boat battle  was  over  (I  think  of  this  I am  not  certain), 
or  certainly  by  three  o’clock,  troops  were  withdrawn 
from  the  trenches,  which  had  to  be  done  by  the  flank 
because  our  trenches  were  on  the  slopes  next  to  the 
enemy  and  hence  it  was  great  exposure  to  withdraw 
except  by  flank. 

It  was  now,  I suppose,  about  half  past  three 
o’clock  or  four,  perhaps  four  fully,  when  our  column 
was  about  to  emerge  from  the  trenches.  Now 
General  Floyd  designated  me  as  the  member  of 
his  staff  who  was  to  accompany  Pillow,  told  me 
where  he  would  be,  what  the  plan  was,  and  while  sub- 
ject to  General  Pillow,  any  order  I gave  might  be 
given  by  the  order  of  the  commanding  general.  Of 
course,  that  did  not  mean  that  I could  in  his  name 
give  Pillow  any  order.  Now  it  so  happened  that 
when  the  head  of  the  column  reached  the  point  from 
which  to  emerge,  I was  right  at  the  head  of  the 
column  by  Pillow’s  side  (the  column  now  having 
halted).  He  said  to  me  go  to  the  trenches  and  give 
certain  instructions.  I did  so  and  drew  the  fire  of 
sharpshooters,  returning  as  quickly  as  possible.  I 
was  again  fired  at  and  reached  the  side  of  General 
Pillow.  Just  as  I did  so,  one  of  the  front  men  in  the 
column  dropped ; the  bullet  intended  no  doubt  for  me 
killing  this  man,  who  was  not  even  seen  by  the  foe 
who  fired  the  fatal  shot.  Pillow,  seeing  it  and  hearing 
the  man  exclaim,  “0  God!  I’m  shot!”  turned  to  me 
and  said  (now  I am  not  romancing,  I shall  never  for- 
get it):  “Captain,  our  movement  is  discovered.  It 
will  not  do  to  move  out  of  our  trenches  under  the 
circumstances.”  I replied  that  I thought  not,  that  I 
thought  it  was  a stray  shot  from  sharpshooters  in 
trees  firing  at  mounted  officers  and  a long  ways  off  at 


that.  “No,”  says  he,  “ I am  satisfied  that  our  move- 
ment is  discovered.  Ride  in  haste  and  tell  General 
Floyd  that  I think  so  and  that  the  attack  had  better 
be  deferred  till  morning.” 

I had  to  spur  up  and  ride  with  speed  and  over  many 
bogs  to  get  to  where  I left  General  Floyd.  He  was  not 
there.  With  alacrity  I followed  his  trail.  I found 
him.  I gave  him  the  message.  “ In  the  name  of  God, 
Captain,  what  does  this  mean?  My  orders  were  to 
move  out  and  attack.”  Of  course,  I was  as  dumb  as 
an  oyster.  I knew  the  opportunity  had  passed,  for 
darkness  settles  down  soon  after  five  o’clock  in 
February,  particularly  on  the  Cumberland  flats, 
with  a heavy  and  close  clouded  sky.  General  Floyd 
asked  me  some  questions  and  told  me  to  hasten  back 
and  order  the  attack,  but,  before  finishing  the  order, 
said : “ Tell  General  Pillow  he  has  lost  the  opportunity 
not  by  being  discovered,  but  by  the  delay  in  sending 
the  message  and  the  consequent  delay  in  getting  a 
message  back  to  him  at  this  late  hour.  It  will  be  too 
late  to  successfully  make  the  sortie;  tell  him  to  return 
the  troops  to  the  trenches.”  I give  the  above  in  quo- 
tation marks,  not  that  it  was  his  language,  only  the 
sense.  A concentrated  thunderstorm  in  a room 
twelve  feet  square  with  “blue  damnation”  for  a non- 
conductor would  hardly  have  expressed  my  idea  of 
his  views  as  expressed  to  me.  No  one  was  present 
save  one  or  two  of  his  staff. 

Here  was  in  my  humble  opinion  the  fatal  mistake 
at  Donelson.  Had  we  made  the  sortie  that  afternoon 
at  as  late  an  hour  as  even  four  thirty  o’clock,  I be- 
lieve we  would  have  gained  a signal  victory,  and  one 
from  which  they  could  not  have  so  easily  recovered, 
because  their  right  was  not  strengthened  by  Lew 
Wallace  till  the  night  of  the  14th.  It  was  the  concep- 
tion of  Floyd  to  attack.  It  was  his  plan  when  and  where 
to  attack.  He  placed  the  next  officer  to  him  at  the  post 
of  honor  to  lead  the  attack.  It  was  deferred  by  that 
officer  under  cover  of  a dispatch  asking  for  instruc- 
tions under  the  impression  that  his  movement  was 
discovered.  Even  if  discovered,  it  made  no  difference 
except  in  the  first  onset.  For  the  next  morning  we 
surprised  them  in  their  beds,  and  yet  we  could  not 
make  headway  of  any  moment  before  the  whole 
enemy  was  up  and  ready  to  meet  us.  That  fatal  mes- 
sage of  which  I was  the  bearer  lost  us  Fort  Donelson. 

(See  page  455  of  Preston  Johnston’s  book,  last 
sentence  of  first  paragraph:  “Hence  he  (Floyd)  coun- 
termanded the  order,  or  at  least  deferred  it.”) 

Great  injustice  to  Floyd.  It  would  have  been 
suicidal  to  have  gone  out  in  the  dark.  At  four 
o’clock  victory  would  have  perched  on  our  banner. 
Preston  Johnston  was  misinformed. 

Now,  the  next  day.  I was  not  at  the  council  of 


303 


Qoijfe derate  \/eterai>. 


war  spoken  of  which  was  held  on  the  night  of  the 
14th.  I was  exhausted  and  slept.  But  the  attack 
was  made  with  Pillow  leading  the  attack  the  next 
morning  as  he  had  been  ordered  and  expected  the 
afternoon  before.  We  have  seen  that  success  crowned 
this  attack  after  the  right  has  been  strengthened  by 
one  brigade  from  the  2nd  division.  (See  page  26, 
near  the  bottom  of  the  account  in  the  Magazine  of 
American  History).  How  much  more  complete  it 
would  have  been  before  just  when  consternation  had 
been  spread  over  our  foes  by  the  repulse  of  Foote’s 
gunboats,  when  our  men  were  fresh  and  not  half 
frozen,  as  they  were  the  next  morning;  and  when  they 
(the  enemy)  were  numerically  weaker!  But  I’ll  not 
dwell  on  this. 

Now,  for  the  other  fatality.  Everything  was  swept 
before  us  for  two  miles.  Buckner  did  spring  upon 
the  enemy  in  flank  just  about  the  Wynne  Ferry 
Road.  I saw  it.  General  Floyd  got  up  on  the  breast- 
works— Gray’s  Battery  was  belching  grape  at  the 
flying  columns — and  took  off  his  hat  and  shouted  to 
the  Kentuckians  (who  were  dressed  in  striped  blanket 
coats),  “Now,  charge  ’em,  boys”!  and  they  jumped 
the  breastworks  and  did  the  work  well  under  a fire 
galling  and  hot,  and  some  one  pulled  the  General  off 
the  breastworks  because  he  was  so  exposed.  Just  at 
the  same  time  Forrest  charged.  I gave  the  order  by 
order  of  General  Floyd,  who  saw  the  charge  and 
yelled  a Rebel  yell  when  they  took  the  two  iron  24- 
pounders.  The  Wynne’s  Ferry  Road  was  crossed  with 
a rush  and  General  Floyd  smiled  with  a joke  on  his 
lips.  The  fight  continued,  and  he  said  to  me:  “Come 
on  with  your  pot  leg”  (my  horse).  I followed  him 
to  an  eminence.  From  this  eminence  he  saw  the  last 
attack  made  by  our  troops.  General  Floyd,  seeing 
his  troops  about  to  attack  again  (the  position  being  a 
wooded  hill,  the  crest  of  which  he  knew  was  well 
parked  with  artillery,  and  even  if  the  charge  was  a 
success  as  far  as  driving  back  the  infantry  he  could 
not  hope  to  carry  the  position  crowned  with  artillery 
and  further  supported  by  Wallace’s  fresh  troops),  he 
said  to  me:  “Captain,  ride  over  and  tell  General  Pil- 
low not  to  assault  that  point,  but  to  hold  Wynne’s 
Ferry  Road.”  I had  to  jump  the  breastworks  at  that 
point,  as  there  was  no  egress  otherwise  without  a circuit 
which  would  have  lost  time.  The  horse  jumped  the 
rifle  pits,  at  the  same  time  breaking  my  saddle  girth. 
Before  I got  out  of  his  sight,  the  charge  or  attack  was 
made  and  our  men  were  repulsed;  the  first  repulse 
we  had.  I followed,  however,  to  tell  them  not  to 
repeat  it,  and  to  hold  the  Wynne’s  Ferry  Road.  I 
rode  to  where  the  attack  was  made  and  found  our 
troops  falling  back.  I could  not  find  Pillow.  I 
found  Buckner  on  the  Wynne’s  Ferry  Road.  I gave 
him  the  order  to  hold  that  road.  He  told  me  it  was 


too  late.  He  had  by  General  Pillow’s  order  given  up 
the  road,  that  the  commanding  positions  were  then 
not  his,  and  that  the  men  were  then  marching  back  to 
the  trenches.  I heard  of  General  Pillow  and  followed 
on  his  trail,  and  finally  followed  him  to  the  eminence 
I had  left,  where  General  Floyd  was,  and  there  I 
found  him  sitting  on  his  horse  by  the  side  of  General 
Floyd.  Strange  to  say,  he  had  not  even  then  mentioned 
to  General  Floyd  that  he  had  ordered  the  troops  back  to 
the  trenches.  So  I rode  up  and  said  to  General 
Floyd:  “I  could  not  find  General  Pillow  (he  was  on 
his  way  to  the  rear  by  one  way  and  I was  on  my  way 
to  the  front  by  another) . I gave  the  order  to  General 
Buckner  and  he  replied  that  General  Pillow  had 
ordered  him  to  withdraw  from  the  Wynne’s  Ferry 
Road,  and  return  the  troops  back  to  the  trenches. 
This  I said  rather  addressing  both  generals,  but 
speaking  of  General  Pillow  in  the  third  person,  al- 
though he  was  present,  almost  touching  General 
Floyd . General  Floyd  was  at  this  moment  for  the  first 
time  apprised  of  the  fact  that  such  an  order  had  been 
given.  General  Floyd,  General  Pillow,  and  myself 
were  the  three,  the  only  three,  at  this  point  at  this 
time,  and  I am  not  romancing  nor  am  I dreaming  in 
my  imagination  when  I recall  and  recite  here  what 
General  Floyd  said,  for  it  was  indelibly  impressed  on 
me.  Said  he:  “In  the  name  of  God,  General  Pillow, 
what  have  we  been  fighting  all  day  for?  Certainly 
not  to  show  our  powers,  but  solely  to  secure  the 
Wynne’s  Ferry  Road,  and  now  after  securing  it,  you 
order  it  to  be  given  up.”  Pillow  replied  he  thought 
it  best,  and  there  was  silence  between  the  big  two  and 
the  little  one.  I do  not  think  I would  have  dared  to 
make  a suggestion  to  General  Floyd  if  it  would  have 
saved  the  army.  For  I never  saw  rage  caged  as  it  was 
then.  The  General’s  staff  came  up  one  by  one  and  we 
witnessed  the  charge  which  took  Porter’s  Battery, 
and  then  the  charge  which  took  our  outworks.  Pil- 
low very  coolly  told  me  to  go  across  and  take  two 
Tennessee  regiments  and  retake  the  battery.  When 
I got  there,  Smith  had  just  taken  our  outworks  in 
front  of  these  two  regiments  and  they  could  not  be 
taken  away.  Two  others,  however,  did  it  handsome- 
ly, and  this  was  the  last  of  the  battle.  I went  to  bed, 
having  ridden  all  over  the  field  with  General  Pillow 
after  the  attack  closed.  He  told  me  we  could  never 
have  gone  out  and  our  works  would  have  been  carried 
all  along  the  line  had  he  not  returned.  He  was  con- 
vinced that  we  could  not  withdraw.  In  other  words, 
the  enemy  were  still  too  near  Wynne’s  Ferry  Road. 
He  fought  splendidly  that  day.  Twice  he  made  what 
I humbly  think  were  fatal  mistakes,  mistakes  of  judg- 
ment. The  first  one,  had  it  not  been  made,  would 
have  rendered  the  second  one,  though  possible,  not 
(Continued  on  page  318.) 


304 


^opfederat^  l/e terai). 


Sketches  in  this  department  are  given  a half  column  of  space  without  charge; 
extra  space  will  be  charged  at  20  cents  a line.  Engravings  $3.00  each. 


CONFEDERATE  MEMORIAL  DAY. 

BY  DR.  C.  M.  CAPPS. 

The  marching  armies  of  the  past, 

Along  our  Southern  plains, 

Are  sleeping  now  in  quiet  rest 
Beneath  the  Southern  rains. 

The  bugle  call  is  now  in  vain 
To  rouse  them  from  their  bed; 

To  arms  they’ll  never  march  again — 
They  are  sleeping  with  the  dead. 

No  more  will  Shiloh’s  plains  be  stained 
With  blood  our  heroes  shed, 

Nor  Chancellorsville  resound  again 
To  our  noble  warriors’  tread. 

For  them  no  more  shall  reveille 
Sound  at  the  break  of  dawn, 

But  may  their  sleep  peaceful  be 
Till  God’s  great  judgment  morn. 

We  bow  our  heads  in  solemn  prayer 
For  those  who  wore  the  gray, 

And  clasp  again  their  unseen  hands 
On  our  Memorial  Day. 


Judge  Saffold  Berney. 

On  April  30, 1929,  Judge  Saffold  Berney  died  at  his 
home  in  Mobile,  Ala.,  in  his  eighty-fifth  year.  He 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  James  Berney  and  Jane  Elizabeth 
Saffold,  and  was  bom  at  Montgomery,  June  25, 1844. 
His  grandfather  was  Reuben  Saffold,  member  of  the 
convention  which  framed  the  constitution  of  Ala- 
bama in  1819,  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  in  the 
State’s  early  days,  and  later  Chief  Justice  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  of  Alabama. 

Saffold  Berney  was  a student  of  private  schools  in 
Montgomery,  Ala.,  his  education  being  interrupted 
by  the  coming  on  of  war.  In  March,  1862,  he  enlisted 
as  a private  in  the  Confederate  army,  joining  a com- 
pany of  Light  Artillery  which  was  orgainzed  in  Mont- 
gomery under  Capt.  Henry  Semple,  and  was  known 
as  Semple’s  Battery.  This  battery  became  famous 
and  was  with  the  Army  of  Tennessee  in  many  memo- 


rable engagements.  However,  young  Berney  was 
detailed  by  Lieut.  J.  H.  Hallonquist,  then  Chief  of 
Artillery,  Army  of  Tennessee,  for  duty  with  him,  but 
he  would  rejoin  the  battery  and  with  it  take  part  in 
the  battles.  In  the  summer  of  1863,  a regiment  of 
reserve  field  artillery  was  organized  with  Colonel 
Hallonquist  in  command,  and  Saffold  Berney  was 
made  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  and  so  served  to  the 
end  of  the  war,  being  paroled  on  May  5,  1865. 

After  the  war,  he  read  law  in  the  office  of  his  uncle, 
Milton  J.  Saffold,  in  Montgomery,  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1866.  In  that  year  he  removed  to 
Eutaw,  Ala.,  and  there  resided  until  December,  1873, 
when  he  went  to  Mobile  and  made  that  city  his  per- 
manent home.  In  May,  1868,  he  was  married  to 
Miss  Mary  Clifton  Adams,  of  Eutaw,  who  died  in 
1921.  He  is  survived  by  several  children. 

Judge  Berney  practiced  law  in  Mobile  for  many 
years  and  held  a prominent  place  in  the  life  of  that 
city.  In  addition  to  his  legal  work,  he  was  known 
also  as  author,  having  published  a Handbook  of 
Alabama  and  the  City  Code  of  Mobile,  which  is  still 
in  use.  He  had  served  as  alderman  of  the  city,  and, 
through  appointment  by  the  governor  and  by  re- 
peated elections,  as  judge  of  the  Law  and  Equity 
Court  of  Mobile  from  1907  to  his  death.  He  was 
ever  interested  and  devoted  to  the  cause  for  which  he 
had  fought  in  the  sixties,  was  a member  of  Raphael 
Semmes  Camp,  No.  11,  U.  C.  V.,  of  Mobile,  and  had 
been  Commander  of  the  2nd  Brigade  of  the  Alabama 
Division  of  Confederate  Veterans.  His  interest  in 
Confederate  history  was  evidenced  by  many  notable 
contributions  to  the  Veteran  on  the  men  and  events 
of  that  stirring  period. 

Willis  A Everman. 

Willis  Anderson  Everman,  of  Greenville,  Miss., 
died  suddenly  at  his  home  there  on  March  5,  1929. 

He  was  bom  September  24, 1841,  in  Knox  County, 
Mo.,  whither  the  family  had  moved  from  Kentucky. 
Just  after  the  death  of  his  mother  in  1851,  his  father 
resigned  as  sheriff  of  Knox  County  and,  with  a 
brother-in-law,  Willis  Anderson,  organized  and  led  a 
party  in  the  “gold  rush”  to  California  Willis  Ever- 
man and  his  two  small  sisters  remained  behind  and 
were  reared  on  a farm  entered  by  a land  warrant 
awarded  their  grandfather  for  services  in  the  War  of 
1812 

In  Willis  Everman’s  family  every  man  between  the 
ages  of  eighteen  and  fifty  fought  in  the  Confederate 
army.  Four  were  killed  in  action,  and  three  were 
seriously  wounded.  Willis  himself  enlisted  in  1861; 
served  four  years  as  private  in  Company  H,  3rd 
Missouri  Infantry;  saw  service  in  Tennessee,  Georgia, 
Alabama,  and  Mississippi,  and  was  wounded  in  the 


305 


Qogfederat^  l/eterai). 


battle  of  Shiloh.  After  he  received  his  parole  at 
Jackson,  Miss.,  he  went  back  to  the  old  home  in 
Missouri,  which  he  found  wrecked,  the  family  broken 
and  scattered.  He  decided  to  return  to  the  State 
where  he  had  met  with  such  kindness  when  he  was 
wounded,  and  in  July,  1866,  he  landed  in  Greenville, 
Miss.  In  1871  he  married  Miss  Mary  Thomas,  a 
native  of  France,  who  for  fifty  years  presided  over 
the  beautiful  home  life  that  was  theirs.  Of  the  three 
children  born  to  them,  only  one  survives,  Miss  Grace 
Everman. 

For  sixty-four  years  Comrade  Everman  was  an 
active  force  in  the  life  of  the  community,  always 
ready  to  help  a good  cause  and  to  fight  a bad  one. 
Tall,  erect  despite  the  weight  of  years,  he  was  a 
familiar  and  picturesque  figure,  and  was  affection- 
ately known  as  Greenville’s  “Grand  Old  Man.” 

C.  R.  Kirkland. 

At  the  age  of  eighty-six  the  earthly  life  of  C.  R. 
Kirkland  closed  at  his  home  in  Senatobia,  Miss., 
during  the  month  of  June.  He  was  born  in  Alabama, 
but  located  in  Mississippi  after  the  War  between  the 
States.  There  he  was  married  to  Miss  Emily  Thorn- 
ton, and  to  them  a son  and  daughter  were  bom,  both 
surviving  him. 

Comrade  Kirkland  enlisted  in  Company  F,  11th 
Alabama  Regiment,  in  May,  1861.  His  command 
was  sent  to  Virginia,  and  in  the  organization  of  the 
army  this  regiment  became  a part  of  Wilcox's 
Brigade,  R.  H.  Anderson’s  Division,  A.  P.  Hill’s 
Corps,  A.  N.  V.,  and  so  served  throughout  the  war. 
Young  Kirkland  was  wounded  and  captured  two  or 
three  times,  but  managed  to  get  away  from  his  cap- 
tors  and  make  his  way  back  to  his  command,  and 
was  surrendered  at  Appomattox  on  April  9,  1865. 

Comrade  Kirkland  had  lived  through  the  most 
stirring  times  of  our  beloved  South,  and  no  better 
citizen  was  known  in  his  county  and  State.  He  con- 
tributed much  to  the  upholding  of  law,  and  especially 
in  those  trying  times  of  reconstruction  his  section  did 
not  have  a braver  defender.  He  was  a true  son  of  the 
South,  and  lived  a life  enriched  by  splendid  emotions, 
one  rich  in  the  love  of  family  and  friends;  and  though 
he  had  outlived  most  of  those  with  whom  he  took 
part  in  those  fighting  days  of  old,  he  lived  again  in 
memory  those  stirring  scenes,  and  his  comrades  were 
a vivid  part  of  those  memories.  To  the  last  he  was 
faithful  to  the  principles  for  which  the  South  had 
fought. 

After  funeral  services  at  the  home,  he  was  laid  to 
rest  in  Bethesda  Cemetery,  and  friends  came  from 
every  section  to  pay  him  the  last  tribute  of  respect 
and  love. 

[M.  P.  Moore,  Senatobia,  Miss.] 


Jacob  H.  Wynant. 

Jacob  Henry  Wynant,  bom  near  Bridgewater, 
Rockingham  County,  Va.,  July  24,  1845,  died  in 
Keyser,  W.  Va.,  on  March  14, 1929. 

At  the  outbreak  of 
war  between  the 
States,  he  enlisted  in 
the  Southern  army  and 
for  eighteen  months 
was  post  courier  with 
headquarters  in  Harri- 
sonburg, Va.  There- 
after he  was  in  the 
regular  cavalry,  in  ac- 
tive service  with  Com- 
pany I,  1st  Virginia 
Cavalry,  Rosser’s  Bri- 
gade. 

He  was  not  wounded 
at  any  time,  but  had 
two  horses  shot  under  him.  He  was  in  the  battle 
fought  at  “Mim’s  Bottom,”  Shenandoah  County, 
and  there  one  of  his  horses  was  shot. 

His  brother,  John  Brown  Wynant,  was  the  first 
man  from  his  county  to  be  killed,  and  the  second  man 
in  the  Southern  army  to  meet  his  death.  He  was 
killed  in  a skirmish  near  Harper’s  Ferry,  W.  Va. 

Most  of  Mr.  Wynant’s  service  was  in  the  Valley  of 
Virginia,  and  he  was  with  the  main  Southern  army 
when  Gen.  Robert  E.  Lee  surrendered  to  Gen.  U.  S. 
Grant. 

After  the  war,  Mr.  Wynant  engaged  in  farming  for 
many  years.  He  was  an  extensive  landowner.  For 
years  he  was  the  owner  of  the  farm  bordering  on 
Bridgewater,  Va.,  a portion  of  which  was  later  sold  as 
town  lots. 

In  the  fall  of  1924  he  came  to  Keyser,  W.  Va.,  and 
made  his  home  with  Mrs.  Ernest  A.  See,  his  favorite 
niece.  “ Uncle  Jake,”  as  he  was  known,  and  loved  by 
all,  was  a high  type  of  the  old  Southern  gentleman, 
and  a Christian,  holding  malice  against  none,  nor 
boasting  of  his  military  powers  or  achievements,  but 
proud  that  he  had  served  as  a soldier  of  the  South. 
Though  living  in  this  community  less  than  five  years, 
he  made  a host  of  friends  who  miss  him  and  mourn 
his  passing. 

[V.  F.  Alkire,  Keyser,  W.  Va.] 

Louisiana  Comrades. 

In  the  past  year  the  Camp  at  Clinton,  La.,  has  lost 
the  following  members:  Emmett  R.  Corcoran,  Com- 
pany B,  4th  Louisiana  Infantry;  J.  L.  Cranes,  Com- 
pany B,  16th  Arkansas  Infantry;  James  R.  Freeman, 
Company  E,  1st  Louisiana  Cavalry;  R.  W.  Hays, 


306 


Qopfederat^  l/eterai). 


Company  A,  4th  Louisiana  Infantry;  William  A. 
Gallent,  Company  F,  14th  Mississippi  Cavalry; 
John  W.  Lipscomb,  Company  K,  4th  Louisiana 
Cavalry;  Victor  Levy,  Company  I,  3rd  Louisiana 
Cavalry;  Dr.  A.  J.  Roberts,  Company  A,  16th  Lou- 
isiana Infantry;  Leander  Stewart,  Company  A,  4th 
Louisiana  Infantry;  W.  A.  B.  Wall,  Company  A,  4th 
Louisiana  Infantry;  Dr.  William  E.  Wall,  Company 
K,  16th  Mississippi  Volunteers;  J.  H.  Hodges,  Com- 
pany G,  18th  Louisiana  Cavalry. 

Judge  A.  W.  Wise. 

Judge  Alexander  Walker  Wise,  distinguished  Con- 
federate veteran  and  former  judge  of  probate  of 
Chester  County  for  twelve  years,  died  at  his  home 
in  Chester  on  June  11. 

Funeral  services  will  be  conducted  from  the  Cal- 
vary Baptist  Church,  near  Chester,  with  interment 
in  the  graveyard  of  the  church. 

Judge  Wise  was  one  of  the  few  people  who  saw  the 
first  gun  fired  at  Fort  Sumter.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
two  surviving  members  of  the  historic  five  military 
companies  that  left  Chester  for  Confederate  service 
on  April  11,  1861.  He  saw  service  both  in  the  in- 
fantry and  cavalry,  and  in  both  branches  of  the  serv- 
ice won  renown  for  his  achievements  and  bravery. 
He  went  through  many  of  the  war’s  greatest  battles, 
and  served  throughout  the  entire  four  years  without 
receiving  a wound  of  any  consequence.  For  many 
years  he  was  one  of  Chester  County’s  leading  plant- 
ers. Prior  to  moving  to  Chester,  he  had  served 
eighteen  years  as  magistrate  of  the  Halsellville  town- 
ship. 

He  married  Miss  Martha  Alice  Wilkes  soon  after 
he  returned  from  the  war,  and  he  is  survived  by  five 
daughters  and  a son,  also  nineteen  grandchildren  and 
four  great-grandchildren. 

Judge  Wise  was  a native  of  the  Baton  Rouge  sec- 
tion of  Chester  County.  His  father,  Daniel  Wise, 
moved  to  Chester  County  from  Lincolnton  when  he 
was  eighteen. 

Lieut.  W.  H.  H.  Mansur. 

On  June  19,  1929,  Lieut.  William  Henry  Harrison 
Mansur,  of  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  passed  away  after  six 
weeks’  illness.  He  was  born  November  5,  1840,  in 
St.  Louis,  the  son  of  Charles  and  Rebecca  Wills 
Mansur.  He  served  in  the  Confederate  army  the 
entire  four  years  of  the  War  between  the  States, 
first  in  the  Missouri  State  Guards,  under  Captain 
McDowell  and  Col.  Ben  A.  Rives,  then  in  Company 
C,  3rd  Missouri  Infantry.  The  rest  of  the  service  was 
under  Gen.  Francis  Cockrell.  For  thirty-five  years 
he  was  president  of  Chillicothe  Savings  Association. 
Burial  was  in  Boxwood  Cemetery,  at  Chillicothe. 

[Mrs.  H.  E.  Genser,  Higginsville,  Mo.] 


Davis  Biggs. 

At  the  age  of  eighty-two  years,  Davis  Biggs  died 
at  his  home  in  Jefferson,  Tex.,  on  July  5.  He  was 
born  in  Tarboro,  N.  C.,  and  went  to  Texas  at  the  age 
of  twenty-three.  He 
attended  the  reunion 
in  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  his 
last  visit  to  the  old 
home  State. 

Comrade  Biggs  serv- 
ed during  the  War  be- 
tween the  States  as  a 
member  of  the  28th 
Tennessee  Regiment. 
He  was  the  Adjutant 
and  last  surviving 
member  of  Camp  Dick 
Taylor,  U.  C.  V.,  of 
Jefferson;  was  also  a 
member  of  Masonic 
Lodge  No.  38  and 
Eastern  Star.  He  had  been  treasurer  of  Marion  Coun- 
ty, Tex.,  for  fourteen  years. 

Fifty-four  years  ago,  Davis  Biggs  was  married  to 
Miss  Clemmie  Summers,  who  survives  him  with  a 
daughter  and  three  sons,  also  twelve  grandchildren. 
Funeral  services  were  conducted  by  the  pastor  of  the 
First  Methodist  Church,  of  Jefferson,  of  which  he  was 
a member  and  steward. 

Dr.  James  L.  Leavel. 

Dr.  James  Logan  Leavel,  born  November  23, 1844, 
in  Stanford,  Ky.,  died  at  his  home  in  Los  Angeles, 
Calif.,  on  July  5,  in  his  eighty-fifth  year.  His  parents 
moved  to  Platte  County,  Mo.,  when  he  was  eighteen 
years  old,  and  as  a lad  of  fourteen  years  he  ran  away 
from  home  and  tried  to  enlist  with  the  Confederate 
army.  He  was  refused  because  of  his  tender  years, 
but  the  soldiers  put  him  at  manual  labor.  His  father 
had  him  taken  home,  but  later  he  enlisted  as  a soldier 
under  General  Price  and  remained  to  the  end. 

After  the  war  he  completed  his  common  school 
education  and  then  studied  dentistry  at  Kansas  City, 
Mo.,  where  he  graduated  and  began  the  practice  of 
his  profession. 

He  married  Miss  Betty  Cook,  of  Harrisonburg, 
who,  after  three  brief  years,  passed  away,  leaving 
him  a son. 

Dr.  Leavel  went  to  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  in  1890, 
where  he  met  and  married  Mrs.  Marion  Hubbell. 
In  1912  they  moved  to  Seattle  to  make  their  home, 
but  later  went  to  Highland  Park,  a suburb  of  Chi- 
cago. His  chief  joys  in  life  were  his  Church  and  his 
music,  and  his  splendid  voice  was  used  generously  in 


307 


Qopfederat^  l/eterai) 


his  religious  work.  For  more  than  seventy-two  years 
he  loved  humanity.  Wherever  he  was  located,  he 
became  prominent  in  the  work  of  the  Christian 
Church,  of  which  he  had  been  a member  from  his 
twelfth  year.  He  was  a loved  member  of  the  High- 
land Park  Christian  Church,  and  his  religion  was  a 
part  of  his  everyday  life.  His  dying  faith  was  very 
real,  clear,  and  strong,  and  he  walked  with  Christ 
“the  last  mile  of  the  way.” 

[From  tribute,  by  Rev.  Alden  Lee  Hill,  minister 
Highland  Park  Christian  Church.] 

Francis  Marion  Calhoun. 

Francis  Marion  Calhoun  departed  this  life  at  his 
home  on  Dry  Run,  Pendleton  County,  W.  Va.,  July 

11,  1929,  in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of  his  age, 
having  been  born  November  27,  1842.  He  was  the 
oldest  man  and  only  surviving  Confederate  soldier  in 
Circleville  District,  and  the  last  of  a family  of  eleven 
children. 

On  June  9,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate 
service  as  a member  of  the  Pendleton  Rifles,  the 
third  company  to  go  out  from  the  county.  On  July 

12,  1861,  after  little  more  than  a month’s  service, 
the  company  was  surrendered  at  Rich  Mountain. 
He  escaped  and  made  his  way  through  the  Alleghany 
Mountains  to  his  home.  The  summer  following,  he 
reenlisted  in  Capt.  A.  H.  Nelson’s  company,  1st. 
Virginia  Regiment,  Partisan  Rangers,  with  John  D. 
Imboden,  of  Staunton,  Va.,  as  colonel  thereof.  Later, 
when  other  commands  were  added,  including  the 
18th  Regiment  Virginia  Cavalry,  sufficient  to  form  a 
brigade,  Colonel  Imboden  became  brigadier  general 
and  George  H.  Smith,  a budding  young  lawyer^  be- 
came colonel  in  his  stead. 

When  the  brigade  became  a part  of  the  regular 
Confederate  army,  Nelson’s  company  became 
Company  C,  and  the  regiment  became  the  62nd 
Virginia  Regiment,  Mounted  Infantry.  Each  mem- 
ber was  equipped  with  a saber  and  carbine,  and 
fought  either  as  infantry  or  cavalry,  as  occasion  de- 
manded. The  regiment  operated  chiefly  in  West 
Virginia  and  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  However,  it 
took  part  in  the  Gettysburg  campaign  and  the  battle 
of  Cold  Harbor,  and  was  with  General  Early  on  his 
memorable  raid  upon  Washington.  The  flag  of  this 
regiment  reached  a point  closer  to  the  White  House 
than  any  other  Confederate  flag  during  the  war.  For 
a time  the  regiment  had  President  Lincoln  under 
fire,  as  he  stood  beside  General  Wright  on  the  parapet 
of  Fort  Stevens,  until  an  officer  close  to  them  was 
wounded,  when  the  President  was  asked  to  retire. 

At  the  close  of  the  war,  Comrade  Calhoun  went  to 
the  nearest  station  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  and 
while  on  this  journey,  met  Miss  Phoebe  C.  Harper, 


who  later  became  his  wife.  Thereafter,  to  the  end  of 
his  life,  he  occupied  the  ancestral  farm,  which  had 
descended  for  three  generations  before  him  from  the 
first  ancestor  in  Pendleton  County,  John  Calhoun 
cousin  of  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  their 
fathers  having  both  lived  for  a time  in  Augusta 
County,  Va.  During  the  greater  part  of  his  long  life, 
he  was  a member  of  the  M.  E.  Church,  South. 

He  is  survived  by  his  four  children — a daughter 
and  three  sons. 

Capt.  Barton  R.  Brown. 

The  passing  of  Capt.  Barton  Roby  Brown,  at  his 
home  near  Shouns,  Tenn.,  on  June  8,  brought  great 
sorrow  to  many  friends  and  relatives  in  Tennessee 
and  North  Carolina.  He  was  one  of  the  most  prom- 
inent citizens  of  Johnson  County,  and  was  closely  as- 
sociated with  the  growth  and  progress  of  his  county. 

Captain  Brown  was  born  August  4,  1841,  and  as  a 
boy  of  nineteen  joined  the  Confederate  army,  serving 
as  captain  of  Company  A,  6th  North  Carolina  Regi- 
ment, under  Colonel  Folk.  Two  years  later  he  was 
wounded  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  and  went  home  on  fur- 
lough. On  regaining  his  health,  he  organized  a com- 
pany in  Johnson  County,  with  which  he  marched  to 
North  Carolina  and  joined  General  Johnston,  and  so 
served  to  the  close  of  war. 

In  September,  1864,  Captain  Brown  was  married  to 
Miss  Callie  Wagner,  and  three  sons  and  a daughter 
were  bom  to  them.  He  became  a member  of  the 
Baptist  Church  at  Beaver  Dam,  N.  C.,  in  1857,  and 
will  be  long  remembered  for  Christian  character  and 
all  the  admirable  traits  that  go  to  make  up  a true 
Southern  gentleman. 

He  fought  valiantly  for  Southern  rights,  and  no  less 
valiantly  fought  the  battles  of  good  citizenship,  using 
himself  and  his  means  in  the  interest  of  his  fellow  man. 
The  U.  D.  C.  of  Mountain  City,  Tenn.,  cherish  a 
beautiful  Confederate  flag  as  the  last  gift  of  this  fine 
old  Confederate  for  whom  the  Chapter  is  named. 

[Carolyn  Rhea,  Shouns,  Tenn.] 

Benjamin  Joseph  Whitesides. 

Benjamin  J.  Whitesides  was  born  in  Mount 
Pleasant,  S.  C.,  July  12,  1844,  and  died  at  that  place 
on  February  24,  1929.  He  entered  the  Confederate 
army  in  1862,  joining  Company  E,  of  the  5th  South 
Carolina  Cavalry,  Butler’s  Brigade.  He  served  first 
at  Andersonville  Prison,  and  then  did  picket  duty 
along  the  coast  of  Georgia;  also  fought  in  several  of 
the  battles  in  Virginia.  He  was  ill  with  typhoid 
fever  in  Jackson  Hospital,  Virginia,  and  was  given 
a furlough  of  thirty  days  from  July  21,  1864.  Upon 
his  recovery,  he  returned  to  his  company  and  remained 
with  it  until  paroled  May  8,  1865. 


308 


^opfederat^  l/eterai). 


Gen.  A.  H.  Boyden,  U.  C.  V. 

“Best  beloved  citizen  of  Salisbury,”  N.  C.,  friend 
of  all  was  Gen.  A.  H.  Boyden,  and  the  old  home  town 
was  made  sad  indeed  by  his  death  on  June  19,  after 
a brief  illness.  In  the  ancestral  home  there,  built 
more  than  a century  ago,  his  life  was  spent;  he  died  in 
the  room  where  he  had  been  born  and  which  he  had 
occupied  through  youth  and  old  age. 

Archibald  Henderson  Boyden  was  born  in  Salis- 
bury, January  27,  1842,  the  son  of  Judge  Nathaniel 
Boyden,  lawyer,  legislator,  congressman,  and  judge 
of  the  State  Supreme  Court;  his  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Col.  Archibald  Henderson.  He  grew  up 
in  Salisbury  and  was  largely  educated  there,  but  he 
was  at  a school  in  Alamance  County  when  war  came 
on  in  1861.  Though  his  father  was  opposed  to  seces- 
sion, he  gave  the  boy  permission  to  enter  the  Con- 
federate army,  and  he  left  school  to  become  a per- 
sonal courier  for  Gen.  Robert  F.  Hoke,  serving  thus 
to  the  end  of  the  war.  A memento  of  that  service  was 
the  dollar  given  to  him  by  General  Hoke  in  bidding 
him  farewell,  and  that  dollar  he  cherished  through 
life.  Since  the  war  he  had  been  an  earnest  advocate 
of  anything  which  would  benefit  the  veterans  of  the 
Confederacy,  and  his  efforts  were  back  of  many 
movements  in  their  behalf.  He  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  securing  the  appropriation  for  the  North 
Carolina  monument  at  Gettysburg,  so  recently 
dedicated. 

“Colonel”  Boyden,  as  he  was  widely  known, 
served  four  terms  as  postmaster  at  Salisbury  under 
the  Cleveland  and  Wilson  administrations;  he  was 
chairman  of  the  school  committee,  and  in  behalf  of 
schools  was  his  best  work  done.  A monument  to  his 
memory  stands  in  the  magnificent  high  school  called 
by  his  name.  He  was  prominent  in  the  U.  C.  V. 
organizations  of  city  and  State,  and  as  a Brigadier 
General,  U.  C.  V.  he  took  part  in  the  late  reunion  in 
Charlotte,  attended  by  two  grandsons,  also  in  Con- 
federate uniforms. 

General  Boyden  was  married  in  1880  to  Miss  May 
Wheat  Shober,  of  a prominent  family  of  the  State, 
who  survives  him  with  a daughter  and  five  grand- 
children. He  was  a member  of  the  Episcopal  Church, 
and  after  the  funeral  services  in  St.  Luke’s  Church  at 
Salisbury,  he  was  tenderly  laid  to  rest  in  Chestnut 
Hill  Cemetery  there. 

No  life  was  more  abundantly  crowned  with  good 
works  than  that  which  ended  in  his  passing.  He  had 
lived  more  for  others  than  for  himself,  a man  whose 
heart  grew  greater  as  he  grew  older.  Truly,  his 
memory  is  blessed  in  the  community  where  he  lived 
out  his  long  and  useful  life. 


Col.  J.  J.  Gormley,  U.  C.  V. 

Col.  J.  J.  Gormley,  Adjutant  General  of  the  North 
Carolina  Division,  U.  C.  V.,  died  at  his  home  in 
Charlotte,  N.  C.,  on  March  22,  at  the  age  of  eighty- 
four  years.  He  was  born  at  Norfolk,  Va.,  July  17, 
1845,  but  since  1863  had  been  an  honored  citizen  of 
North  Carolina. 

When  the  South  was  mobilizing  her  forces  for 
defense  in  1861,  John  L.  Gormley  enlisted  with 
Company  D,  4th  Battalion,  Virginia  Light  Infantry, 
at  Richmond,  Va.,  and  he  took  a gallant  part  in 
the  fighting  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia — those 
seven  days’  battles  about  Richmond,  Warrenton, 
Second  Manassas,  Harper’s  Ferry — until  he  was 
wounded  in  the  bloody  battle  of  Sharpsburg.  He 
spent  many  months  in  the  hospital  at  Richmond  re- 
covering from  his  wounds,  and  though  never  able  to 
return  to  active  duty,  he  gave  his  full  meed  of  service 
in  the  Quartermaster’s  Department,  in  which  he 
was  transferred  to  Charlotte  in  1863.  After  the  war 
he  engaged  in  the  railroad  business,  and  left  that 
field  with  the  consciousness  of  work  well  done. 

Colonel  Gormley  was  a great  lover  of  the  South  and 
the  Confederate  cause  to  the  last  and  was  prominent 
in  the  organization  of  the  United  Confederate  Vet- 
erans. He  had  served  as  Commander  of  the  Camp  at 
Charlotte,  and  as  Adjutant  General  of  the  North 
Carolina  Division  under  different  administrations. 
He  was  largely  instrumental  in  inviting. the  reunion 
to  Charlotte,  and  through  many  discouragements 
worked  on  until  the  whole  State  was  enthused  in  the 
work  of  entertaining  the  remnant  of  the  once  glorious 
gray  army,  although  he  was  not  to  participate  in  that 
entertainment. 

Long  a communicant  of  the  Episcopal  Church, 
Colonel  Gormley  died  in  the  glorious  hope  of  a faith- 
ful servant  of  Christ,  and  without  fear  he  passed  to 
the  reunion  of  the  immortals. 

George  W.  Louk. 

George  W.  Louk,  who  served  in  the  31st  Virginia 
Infantry,  died  at  the  Lee  Camp  Confederate  Home, 
of  Richmond,  Va.,  at  the  age  of  ninety-one  years. 
He  had  been  a resident  of  Randolph,  County,  now 
West  Virginia,  for  most  of  his  life,  and  entered  the 
Confederate  Home  last  year,  where  he  had  been  very 
happy.  The  Randolph  Chapter,  U.  D.  C.,  had  pre- 
sented him  the  Cross  of  Honor  for  his  gallant  service 
as  a Confederate  soldier.  He  was  captured  and  held 
at  Camp  Chase,  receiving  his  parole  there  at  the 
close  of  the  war.  He  was  married  twice,  both  wives 
preceding  him  in  death.  He  was  a grand  old  Chris- 
tian gentleman 

[Cam  Hart,  Elkins,  W.  Va.] 


309 


Qogfederat^  l/eteraq. 


Capt.  Joseph  E.  Deupree. 

Capt.  Joseph  E.  Deupree,  who  died  at  his  home 
in  Ravenna,  Tex.,  on  June  28  was  born  in  Pickens 
County,  Ala.,  November  22,  1840,  and  thus  had 
nearly  completed 
eighty-nine  years.  Or- 
phaned in  his  early 
childhood,  he  was 
reared  by  an  uncle,  Dr. 

John  C.  Smith,  who 
removed  to  Texas  in 
1847,  and  Joseph  Deu- 
pree was  reared  and 
educated  in  that  State. 

He  graduated  from 
Baylor  University  in 
the  class  of  1859,  and 
he  was  studying  law 
at  Cumberland  Uni- 
versity, Lebanon, 

Tenn.,  when  war  came 
on  in  1861.  He  was  returning  home  by  way  of  Missis- 
sippi to  visit  some  relatives  in  that  State,  and  there 
he  joined  the  Noxubee  Cavalrymen,  which  became  a 
part  of  the  1st  Mississippi  Cavalry.  He  took  part  in 
many  engagements  of  this  regiment — Belmont, 
Corinth,  Shiloh,  and  others — and  later  secured  a 
transfer  to  Company  E,  of  Willis’s  Battalion,  Waul’s 
Texas  Legion,  Trans-Mississippi  Department,  which 
was  then  operating  east  of  the  Mississippi.  This 
command  was  composed  largely  of  his  old  Baylor 
schoolmates,  and  with  it  he  took  part  in  the  opera- 
tions in  and  around  Vicksburg,  Grand  Gulf,  Port 
Hudson,  being  mostly  engaged  in  scout  duty.  The 
cavalry  part  of  Waul’s  Legion  was  ordered  back  to 
North  Mississippi,  and  on  the  night  of  June  17, 1863, 
young  Deupee  and  others  were  captured  and  spent  a 
long  period  in  prison  at  Alton,  111.,  and  Fort  Dela- 
ware. On  the  night  of  July  1,  1864,  he  made  his  es- 
cape by  swimming  Delaware  Bay,  only  to  be  re- 
captured and  taken  back  to  prison.  He  finally  did  es- 
cape by  taking  the  name  of  a dead  fellow  prisoner, 
was  exchanged,  and  reached  home  before  his  com- 
rades were  released  from  Fort  Delaware.  Following 
the  war,  he  was  made  captain  in  the  State  militia  in 
which  he  was  prominent. 

Captain  Deupree  was  a devout  member  of  the 
Christian  Church  and  his  daily  life  won  for  him  the 
love  and  respect  of  all  who  knew  him.  He  was  one  of 
the  outstanding  citizens  of  Fannin  County.  He  was 
twice  married,  and  is  survived  by  his  wife,  five  sons, 
and  three  daughters,  twenty-four  grandchildren, 
nineteen  great-grandchildren,  and  two  great-great- 
grandchildren. 


Funeral  services  were  held  from  the  Christian 
Church  at  Ravenna,  with  interment  in  Willow  Wild 
Cemetery  at  Bonham. 

Francis  Baker  Weatherford. 

Francis  B.  Weatherford,  eighty-six  years  of  age, 
died  in  Bowling  Green,  Mo.,  during  the  month  of 
May,  after  a long  illness.  He  was  born  November  8, 
1842,  the  son  of  Thomas  A.  and  Matilda  Baker 
Weatherford,  and  seventy-eight  years  of  his  life  had 
been  spent  on  the  farm  where  he  was  born,  near 
Bowling  Green.  His  last  years  were  with  the  family 
of  his  son  in  the  town,  where  he  received  the  tender 
ministrations  of  love  and  respect. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  War  between  the  States, 
young  Weatherford  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  army, 
serving  with  Company  B,  of  the — Missouri  Regiment, 
under  General  Price,  and  at  the  close  he  was  honor- 
ably mustered  out.  Returning  home,  he  settled 
down  on  his  farm,  making  an  enviable  reputation  as  a 
citizen.  In  February,  1866,  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Mary  E.  Show,  and  to  them  four  children  were  born, 
a son  and  daughter  surviving  him.  There  are  also 
five  grandchildren  and  eight  great-grandchildren  left, 
and  one  sister,  with  numerous  other  relatives. 

His  sturdy  ancestry,  his  strong  will  power,  and 
abiding  faith  in  God  had  carried  this  comrade 
through  many  trials  in  his  day  and  time,  and  he 
passed  unfaltering  on  his  way  to  the  goal  of  a success- 
ful life.  He  was  always  interested  in  the  welfare  of 
his  community,  and  took  an  active  part  in  all  civic 
improvements.  Devoted  to  his  Church  (Baptist),  of 
which  he  had  been  a member  since  1891,  he  gave 
much  of  his  time  and  support  to  the  building  up  of 
God’s  kingdom  on  earth.  “A  life  seemingly  without 
regrets  has  passed  out,  leaving  a pleasant  memory  to 
those  who  knew  him.” 

Eugene  Isner. 

Eugene  Isner,  one  of  the  most  highly  respected  citi- 
zens of  Randolph  County,  W.  Va.,  died  while  visiting 
his  son  in  Elkins,  W.  Va.,  on  June  18,  aged  nine-two 
years.  His  home  was  in  Beverly,  where  he  had  spent 
a long  and  useful  life.  He  served  in  the  Confederate 
army  during  the  entire  four  years  of  the  war,  and 
was  honorably  discharged  from  Company  C,  20th 
Virginia  Cavalry.  He  was  awarded  the  Cross  of  Honor 
by  Randolph  County  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy. 

Comrade  Isner  was  a son  of  the  late  William  and 
Etna  Marstiller  Isner.  After  the  war,  he  married 
Miss  Emily  Wees,  of  near  Beverly.  To  this  union 
seven  children  were  born,  four  sons  and  three  daugh- 
ters. He  is  also  survived  by  thirty-four  grand- 
children and  twenty- two  great-grandchildren.  He 
was  a member  of  the  Methodist  Church. 

[Cam  Hart,  Elkins,  W.  Va.] 


310 


Qopfederat^  l/eterai). 


Ulntteb  daughters  of  tbe  Confederacy 


77/*Ar*s  97/am»ory  <5 torn  a/  ” 

Mrs.  W.  C.  N.  Merchant,  President  General 

Chatham,  Va. 


Mrs.  Oscar  McKenzie,  Montezuma,  Ga First  Vice  President  General 

Mrs.  R.  F.  Blankenburg Second  Vice  President  General 

Diego,  Calif. 

Mrs.  Madge  D.  Burney,  Waynesboro,  Miss Third  Vice  President  General 

Mrs.  L.  M.  Bashinsky,  Troy,  Ala Recording  Secretary  General 

Miss  Mary  L.  G.  White,  Nashville,  Tenn..  . .Corresponding  Secretary  General 


Mrs.  B.  A.  Blenner,  Richmond,  Va Treasurer  General 

Rural  Route  No.  2 

Miss  Marion  Salley,  Orangeburg,  S.  C Historian  General 

Mrs.  Fred  C.  Kolman,  New  Orleans,  La Registrar  General 

4620  South  Derbigny  Street 

Mrs.  James  E.  Woodard,  Woodard  Circle,  Wilson,  N.  C . . Custodian  of  Crosses 
Mrs.  Jackson  Brandt,  Baltimore,  Md Custodian  of  Flags  and  Pennant 


All  communications  for  this  Department  should  be  sent  direct  to  Mrs.  R.  H.  Chesley,  Official  Editor,  11  Everett  Street,  Cambridge,  Mass. 


FROM  THE  PRESIDENT  GENERAL. 

To  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy:  Possibly 
the  greatest  advancement  in  the  field  of  education 
within  the  last  decade  is  the  introduction  of  motion 
pictures  as  a medium  through  which  the  student  may 
be  most  effectively  reached.  The  Yale  University 
Press,  by  pointing  the  way  in  visual  education,  has 
caused  a high  standard  that  has  permeated  the  entire 
field  of  production.  Six  years  ago  the  first  of  their 
films  were  produced  by  a small  staff  of  photographic 
experts.  In  1928,  approximately  2,500,000  persons 
viewed  the  films,  and  there  were  over  25,000  showing 
from  this  Press 

These  are  now  produced  under  the  direction  of 
distinguished  historians  from  a number  of  institu- 
tions', and  under  the  supervision  of  a committee  of 
the  Council  of  the  University. 

Fifteen  of  the  thirty-three  films  are  now  ready  for 
distribution.  These  cover  the  period  1492-1865,  and 
are  recognized  by  the  educational  world  as  the  most 
effective  aid  created  for  the  teaching  of  Amercan 
history  and  for  the  stimulation  of  good  patriotic 
American  citizenship.  The  films  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Yale  University  Press,  386  Fourth  Avenue, 
New  York  City 

No  greater  service  may  be  rendered  by  a U.  D.  C. 
Chapter  in  a small  town  than  by  securing,  or  assist- 
ing in  securing,  a portable  projector  for  use  in  the 
classrooms  of  their  local  schools,  seeing  that  the 
school  is  provided  with  accurate  historical  films,  and 
your  Educational  Chairman,  as  well  as  your  Chapter 
Historian,  may  find  here  a field  waiting  for  effort 
that  will  yield  the  richest  of  harvests. 

One  high  in  authority  recently  said  that  America 
was  the  most  lawless  of  countries.  The  South  gave 
the  Constitution  to  the  nation,  and  years  later,  in 
1861,  other  men  of  the  South  died  to  defend  its 
provisions:  it  is,  therefore,  but  logical  to  think  that  in 
all  the  Union  the  men  and  women  of  the  South 
should  be  the  most  law  abiding,  and  that  members 
of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  should 


make  it  a matter  of  personal  pride  to  obey  each 
Article  and  section  of  the  constitution  of  our  beloved 
organization,  in  spirit,  in  word,  and  in  deed.  Yet, 
from  failure  to  familiarize  themselves  with  the 
by-laws,  or  from  indifference  (we  will  not  believe  it 
to  be  a deliberate  desire  to  disobey  the  provisions 
enacted  by  Chapter  delegates  in  convention  assembled 
when  adopting  the  constitution),  there  are  frequent 
violations  of  the  most  simple  regulations. 

We  regret  that  it  appears  necessary  to  again  direct 
your  attention  to  the  following  Articles: 

Article  VII,  Section  4:  “All  circulars  or  letters 

sent  to  Chapters  or  to  members  of  the  United  Daugh- 
ters of  the  Confederacy  soliciting  funds  shall  be 
submitted  to  the  President  General. . Unless  in- 
dorsed by  her,  the  appeal  shall  not  be  regarded  as 
proper  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  work.” 
Since  the  election  of  your  President  General,  1927, 
she  has  indorsed  but  one  appeal  for  “funds,”  that  of 
the  Chapter  at  Selma,  Ala.,  for  the  marking  of  the 
site  of  the  Confederate  arsenal.  Therefore,  under 
the  provisions  of  the  by-law  as  quoted,  this  is  the 
only  undertaking,  except  those  under  the  supervision 
of  committees  contained  in  the  Minutes  of  Houston 
Convention,  1928,  which  may  be  regarded  as  “proper 
United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  work.” 

Article  IX,  Section  3:  “The  insignia,  badge,  or 
seal  of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  shall 
be  printed  only  upon  such  books  and  pamphlets  as 
are  for  the  use,  or  intended  to  be  sold  for  the  benefit 
of,  this  organization.  The  use  of  the  name,  seal,  or 
insignia  of  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy 
for  business  purposes  other  than  the  business  of  this 
organization  is  especially  prohibited.” 

The  wording  of  this  Article  is  so  clear  and  definite 
that  it  would  be  a reflection  upon  the  intelligence  of 
this  most  intelligent  membership  to  suggest  the 
possibility  of  misinterpreting. 

The  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  is  an 
absolutely  nonsectarian,  nonpolitical  organization; 
this  is  so  obvious  as  never  to  have  been  questioned 


311 


^opfederat^  l/eterai). 


and  would  not  be  here  emphasized  had  not  an  occa- 
sion arisen  which  made  it  necessary.  Every  member 
may  exercise  her  privilege  as  an  American  citizen 
without  question  or  criticism,  but  the  organization 
exists  for  historical,  educational,  benevolent,  and 
social  purposes,  not  for  political,  nor  for  the  dissem- 
inating of  political  propaganda. 

We  acknowledge  with  appreciation  the  following 
invitations:  Memorial  exercises,  May  30,  Camp 
Eight,  U.  C.  V.,  Camp  Robert  E.  Lee,  S.  C.  V., 
and  the  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  of  Chicago, 
111.  Elliott  Gray  Chapter,  Virginia  Division,  U.  D. 
C.,  to  attend  the  unveiling  of  a monument  at  Mc- 
Connellsburg,  Pa.,  honoring  two  Confederate  soldiers 
who  were  mortally  wounded  there,  June  30,  1863. 
Old  Dominion  Chapter,  Virginia  Division,  U.  D.  C.; 
the  unveiling  of  a tablet  in  memory  of  Miss  Ruth 
Early,  Spring  Hill  Cemetery,  Lynchburg,  Va  , June 
26.  The  Governor  and  the  Daughters  of  the  Con- 
federacy of  North  Carolina,  to  attend  exercises 
attendant  upon  the  unveiling  and  dedication  of  a 
monument  and  marker,  Gettysburgh,  Pa.,  July  3. 

A message  of  loyal,  living  greeting  has  recently 
been  received  from  our  Chapter  beyond  the  sea.  The 
Marquise  de  Courtivron  extends  her  good  wishes  to 
the  members  of  the  organization. 

In  Memoriam. 

The  gracious  and  most  efficient  local  chairman  of 
the  convention,  1926,  Mrs.  Bolling,  of  Richmond, 
Va.,  is  passing  through  the  deepest  waters  of  afflic- 
tion, and  to  her  is  extended  our  tenderest  sympathy. 
Much  might  be  said  of  the  life  of  Charles  E.  Bolling 
as  a citizen  and  a friend,  of  his  services  to  his  city  and 
to  his  State,  but  perhaps  his  character  is  best  ex- 
pressed when  we  say  that  friends  were  alike  of  mature 
age  and  of  youth,  for  when  a man  is  so  broadminded, 
of  so  many  sided  a character  as  to  appeal  to  all  ages, 
we  may  indeed  say  that  the  elements  were  so  well 
mixed  in  him  that  we  may  stand  up  before  all  the 
world  and  say,  there  lived  a Man.  Age  had  no 
terrors  for  him,  for  the  Master  held  him  as  in  the 
hollow  of  his  hand. 

“Grow  old  along  with  me, 

The  best  is  yet  to  be, 

The  last  of  life,  for  which  the  first  was  made, 

Our  times  are  in  His  hand 
Who  saith,  “A  whole  I planned, 

Youth  shows  but  half,  trust  God,  nor  be  afraid.” 

Sincerely,  Maude  Blake  Merchant. 


U.  D.  C.  NOTES. 

California— The  annual  convention  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Division  was  held  at  Fresno,  May  8-11,  with 
the  Fresno  Chapter  as  hostess.  The  meetings  were 
held  in  the  California  Hotel,  and  it  was  one  of  the 
most  enjoyable  conventions  ever  held  in  the  State. 
Three  new  officers  were  elected— Treasurer,  Mrs. 
Herbert  Weir;  Historian,  Miss  Mary  Vivian  Conway; 
Registrar,  Mrs.  H.  C.  Booth.  Those  reelected  were: 
President,  Mrs.  Milton  LeRoy  Stannard,  Los 
Angeles;  First  Vice  President,  Mrs.  A.  L.  Lockwood, 
Fresno;  Second  Vice  President,  Mrs.  Walter  Brame, 
Oakland;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Hughes  Garr, 
Los  Angeles;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Miss  Ger- 
trude Montgomery,  Santa  Ana;  Recorder  of  Crosses, 
Miss  Sally  Daingerfield,  Corte  Madera;  Parliamen- 
tarian, Mrs.  J.  0.  Hodgen,  Berkeley. 

The  convention  voted  to  take  over  as  a Division 
affair  the  support  of  “Dixie  Manor,  the  Home  for 
Confederate  veterans  established  on  San  Gabriel 
Boulevard,  Los  Angeles,  and  which  has  nine  inmates. 
The  State  of  California  does  not  admit  Confederate 
veterans  to  the  Soldiers’  Home  of  that  State,  so  the 
needy  cases  have  heretofore  been  sent  to  the  county 
farm  (Hondo),  and  that  was  not  a pleasing  thought 
to  those  of  Southern  sentiment,  hence  the  establish- 
ment of  this  comfortable  home  for  the  old  age  of 
Confederate  veterans  in  California. 

The  date  for  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Division 
was  changed  from  May  to  October. 

The  social  courtesies  were  many  and  most  en- 
joyable, these  being  given  in  the  homes  of  members 
and  at  the  hotel.  The  Division  President,  Mrs. 
Stannard,  entertained  at  dinner  for  the  Past  State 
Presidents,  Executive  Board,  and  Chapter  Presi- 
dents, at  which  Mrs.  C.  C.  Clay,  Honorary  President 
General,  and  Mrs.  R.  F.  Blankenburg,  Second  Vice 
President  General,  were  guests  of  honor. 

The  convention  was  honored  by  the  presence  of  a 
veteran,  Dr.  T.  R.  Meux,  of  Fresno,  who  appeared  in 
his  uniform  of  gray  English  broadcloth,  with  trim- 
mings of  black  cloth  and  gold  braid,  and  wearing  the 
green  silk  sash  indicative  of  a surgeon  of  the  Con- 
federate army.  This  sash  was  presented  to  him  after 
the  battle  of  Perryville,  Ky.,  by  a young  lady  of 
Danville,  to  replace  the  sash  which  was  blood- 
stained from  his  wound. 

[Miss  Gertrude  Montgomery,  Corresponding  Sec- 
retary, California  Division.] 

* * * 

Kentucky. — The  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  Chapter 
of  Louisville  had  its  annual  breakfast  on  the  birthday 
of  President  Davis,  June  3.,  at  which  time  Crosses  of 
Military  Service  were  conferred,  one  to  Frederick 


312 


Qo^federat^  l/eterai). 


Gans  Sommers,  grandson  of  Frederick  Gans,  Con- 
federate soldier  who  served  in  the  recruiting  service 
of  the  U.  S.  navy  at  Louisville;  the  other  was 
awarded  to  Cassius  Allen,  grandson  of  James  Mc- 
Kinnie  Payne  who  served  the  Confederacy,  over- 
seas in  the  field  artillery. 

The  Lexington  Chapter,  Mrs.  George  R.  Mastin, 
President,  held  a beautiful  Memorial  Day  service  at 
the  historic  Lexington  cemetery  where  so  many  Con- 
federate heroes  are  buried  among  them,  Gen.  John 
Hunt  Morgan,  Breckenridge,  Roger  Hanson,  and  a 
host  of  gallant  Southern  dead.  Rev.  Hampton 
Adams  gave  an  inspiring  address,  with  a beautiful 
tribute  to  Jefferson  Davis.  Rev.  James  A.  Clopton, 
an  authority  upon  the  life  and  works  of  Stonewall 
Jackson,  also  addressed  the  assemblage,  which  was  a 
large  and  appreciative  one.  Children  of  the  Con- 
federacy placed  flowers  on  the  Confederate  lot,  while 
the  Daughters  decorated  the  many  graves. 

Dr.  Adams  paid  tribute  to  the  survivors  and  made 
an  appeal  for  a moral  attitude  that  will  make  for 
world  peace.  Mrs.  William  T.  Fowler,  President  of 
the  Kentucky  Division,  briefly  reviewed  the  gallantry 
of  Kentucky  soldiers  through  the  various  wars  of  this 
country. 

Mrs.  Josephine  Turner,  State  Historian,  gave  a 
talk  over  radio  station  WHAS  in  Louisville  on  June 
14,  Flag  Day,  in  which  she  brought  out  many  points 
of  Confederate  interest. 

[Mrs.  Josephine  Turner,  Louisville.] 

* * * 

Maryland. — Baltimore  Chapter  No.  8 held  its 
annual  election  of  officers  at  Arundell  Club.  Those 
elected  were  as  follows:  President,  Mrs.  Edward 
Guest  Gibson;  Vice  Presidents,  Mrs.  J.  Appleton 
Wilson,  Mrs.  George  Slocum,  and  Mrs.  J.  M.  Gillet — 
latter  being  the  Director  for  the  Children  of  the  Mary- 
land U.  D.  C.;  Recording  Secretary,  Miss  Grace 
Eddins;  Corresponding  Secretary,  Mrs.  Henry  J. 
Baker;  Treasurer,  Mrs.  William  M.  Buchanan; 
Registrar,  Mrs.  Francis  Purnell;  Historian,  Mrs. 
Edward  J.  Croker;  Recorder  of  Crosses,  Mrs. 
Charles  0.  D.  Mackall. 

Many  were  made  happy  by  the  return  of  Mrs. 
William  M.  Buchanan  as  Treasurer,  she  having 
filled  that  office  before  with  great  satisfaction. 

Mrs.  Adelbert  Mears,  President  of  the  James  R. 
Wheeler  Chapter,  held  her  last  meeting  of  the  season 
May  1,  just  prior  to  sailing  for  the  other  side.  This 
Chapter  has  done  excellent  work  this  year. 

The  Bradley  T.  Johnson  Chapter,  Mrs.  James 
Walling  Westcott,  President,  is  progressing  finely. 
This  lively  little  Chapter  recently  gave  a most  de- 
lightful card  party,  its  features  so  typical  of  the  Old 
South. 


The  Henry  Kyd  Douglas,  another  live  wire  in  Chap- 
ters, has  in  the  past  two  months  given  a successful 
benefit  card  party  and  a most  delightful  Southern 
supper,  which  enabled  them  to  make  their  annual  con- 
tributions. A silver  tea  was  given  in  May  at  the 
home  of  the  President,  Mrs.  Leo  Cohill,  which  was 
well  attended. 

[Marion  Lee  Holmes,  Division  Editor.] 

* * * 

Missouri. — April  25,  on  Sunday  morning,  the  U.  D. 
C.  of  Kansas  City  held  a memorial  service  for  the 
veterans  and  Daughters  who  had  died  in  the  past 
year,  at  the  Westport,  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
South.  Mrs.  H.  F.  Anderson,  President  of  the  George 
Edward  Pickett  Chapter,  had  charge  of  the  services. 
Dr.  W.  A.  Tetley  gave  the  invocation  and  the  choir 
gave  special  music.  There  were  thirty-seven  veterans 
and  daughters  remembered,  a carnation  being  placed 
in  a beautiful  asparagus  fern  wreath  as  his  or  her 
name  was  called.  Short  talks  were  made  in  memory 
of  Gen.  A.  A.  Pearson,  Mrs.  James  Leroy  Smith,  and 
Mrs.  Jo  Shelby,  wife  of  Gen.  Jo  Shelby.  Six  of  the 
old  veterans  from  the  Confederate  Home  at  Higgins- 
ville  came  up  for  the  service  in  the  care  of  Assistant 
Superintendent  Byron  Edwards. 

On  May  30,  a memorial  service,  arranged  by  Miss 
Mary  R.  Ellis,  President  of  Dixie  Chapter,  No.  1647, 
was  held  at  ten  o’clock,  at  Union  Cemetery,  at  the 
government  monument  to  the  Confederate  soldiers 
killed  in  the  battle  of  Westport.  Dr.  0.  R.  Mangum, 
pastor  of  Wornall  Road  Baptist  Church,  made  the 
address.  Mrs.  Lee  I.  McElroy  gave  a short  talk  on 
“Memories”  and  placed  the  memorial  wreath  on  the 
monument 

At  two  o’clock  in  the  afternoon  a service  was  held 
at  the  Confederate  monument  in  Forest  Hill  Ceme- 
tery, presided  over  by  Mrs.  H.  F.  Anderson.  Mr. 
Tom  Alton,  assistant  prosecuting  attorney  of  Kansas 
City,  made  an  address.  E.  H.  Finley  had  charge  of 
the  music,  Mrs.  Hugh  Miller,  Past  State  President, 
placed  the  wreath  on  the  monument. 

The  annual  home  coming  at  the  Confederate 
Home  in  Higginsville  was  held  on  June  3.  Many 
people  came  from  all  parts  of  the  western  half  of  Mis- 
souri to  pay  tribute  to  the  living  and  the  dead  with 
memorial  services. 

Services  were  held  at  the  cemetery  during  the 
morning  and  at  the  Confederate  Home  during  the 
afternoon.  The  principal  speaker  was  the  Hon.  Sam 
C.  Major.  Music  was  provided  by  a chorus  of 
veterans  and  their  wives. 

The  program  of  the  day  was  in  charge  of  Mrs.  M. 
C.  Duggins,  Chairman  of  the  Confederate  Home 
Board. 

[Myrtle  Lee  Gesner,  Higginsville,  Mo.] 


313 


Qogfederat^  Ueterap. 


Illinois. — On  the  morning  of  the  30th  of  May, 
Memorial  Day,  Illinois  Division  joined  with  Camp  8, 
U.  C.  V.,  and  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans. in  Chi- 
cago in  paying  tribute  to  our  six  thousand  Confederate 
soldiers  and  sailors  who  died  in  Camp  Douglas. 

Hyde  Park  Post,  American  Legion,  always  assists 
nobly  in  the  military  service.  The  principal  speaker 
of  the  day  was  ex-Senator  James  Hamilton  Lewis, 
and  Dr.  Nicholas  Bayard  Clinch  represented  the 
Sons  of  Confederate  veterans  in  “A  Tribute  to  the 
Memory  of  Our  Fathers.” 

Mr.  Robert  Lee  Porter  represented  the  Illinois 
Division,  U.  D.  C.,  in  a splendid  address.  The 
choir  of  St.  Paul’s  Episcopal  Church  assisted  us. 
Beautiful  wreaths  were  placed  on  the  monument  by 
the  Illinois  Division,  U.  D.  C.,  the  Sons  of  Confed- 
erate Veterans,  and  Dixie  Chapter  C.  of  C.  A wreath 
by  the  Woman’s  Auxiliary  of  the  Hyde  Park  Post, 
and  many  other  flowers  were  contributed. 

On  June  1,  Chicago  Chapter  entertained  the  Stone- 
wall Chapter,  members  of  Sons  of  Confederate  Vet- 
erans, and  members  of  Dixie  Chapter  C.  of  C.,  in 
commemoration  of  the  birthday  of  President  Jeffer- 
son Davis  at  the  Auditorium  Hotel,  the  President  of 
Chicago  Chapter,  Mrs.  Arthur  0.  Simpson,  presiding. 

Mr.  Elijah  Funkhouser,  Commander  of  Camp 
Robert  E.  Lee,  S.  C.  V.,  gave  an  eloquent  address  on 
the  life  of  President  Jefferson  Davis.  The  President 
of  Illinois  Division,  Mrs.  Howard  A.  Hoeing,  being 
a Kentuckian,  was  most  happy  to  read  an  article  on 
the  monument  of  Jefferson  Davis  at  Fairview,  Ky., 
and  to  relate  that  Kentucky,  under  Governor 
Sampson,  a Republican,  has  just  had  an  elevator 
placed  in  the  shaft.  Mrs.  Frank  0.  Potter  most 
graciously  represented  the  Stonewall  Chapter  and 
brought  greetings. 

Mrs.  Mary  Moncure  Parker,  reader  and  author, 
entertained  us  in  her  most  unique  way.  A most  de- 
lightful program  of  songs  was  given  by  Mrs.  Allison, 
dressed  in  costume.  A beautiful  birthday  cake  was 
brought  in  by  the  pages,  and  was  served  with  other 
delicious  refreshments. 

[Mrs.  Walter  M.  Smith,  Chicago,  111.] 

* * * 

South  Carolina. — On  July  10  was  unveiled  the 
statue  in  the  Hall  of  Fame,  Washington,  D.  C.,  of 
Gen.  Wade  Hampton,  of  South  Carolina,  the  State’s 
greatest  and  noblest  patriot,  her  salvation  in  recon- 
struction days,  a governor  and  United  States  senator. 
The  South  Carolina  legislature  appropriated  $5,000 
for  this  statue,  to  be  matched  by  a similar  amount  by 
the  South  Carolina  Division,  U.  D.  C.  Mrs.  T.  J. 
Mauldin,  of  Pickens,  under  whose  administration 
the  fund  was  raised,  attended  the  unveiling,  as  well 
as  other  Division  officials. 


Miss  Bertie  Smith,  of  Greer,  President  of  the 
Davis-Lee  Chapter,  has  composed  two  pageants 
setting  forth  Confederate  history.  The  first  pageant 
has  been  presented  by  her  Chapter  to  a large  and 
appreciative  audience,  and  the  second  one,  “Enter 
the  Hero,”  was  presented  by  the  C.  of  C.  The 
wedding  of  Robert  E.  Lee  and  Mary  Randolph 
Custis  was  featured  in  this. 

The  Ellison  Capers  Chapter,  of  Florence,  has 
bestowed  the  Cross  of  Honor  on  one  of  its  members, 
Mrs.  Ida  Singletary  Brunson,  lineal  descendant  of 
Samuel  McPherson  Singletary,  courier  to  Gen. 
Wade  Hampton. 

The  Chester  Chapter,  of  Chester,  placed  thirty-six 
markers  recently  in  old  Purity  Cemetery,  at  the 
graves  of  Confederate  soldiers. 

The  Samuel  J.  Benton  Chapter,  of  Kershaw,  is 
marking  all  the  graves  of  Confederate  veterans  in  the 
community. 

[Miss  Zura  Payne,  State  Editor.] 

* * * 

Tennessee. — The  Middle  District  of  the  Tennessee 
Division  held  its  annual  meeting  at  Shelbyville  in 
June,  with  good  attendance,  the  Agnes  L.  Whiteside 
Chapter  being  hostess.  The  next  convention  of  this 
District  will  be  held  in  Nashville. 

The  Nashville  Chapters  are  especially  interested  in 
securing  appropriate  furnishings  for  the  Confederate 
Room  in  the  War  Memorial  Building,  and  some  hand- 
some pieces  have  been  donated.  The  latest  gift  is  a 
handsome  old  bookcase  presented  by  the  Misses 
Claybrooke,  of  Nashville  Chapter,  in  memory  of  their 
brothers,  Maj.  Frederick  Claybrooke,  of  the  20th 
Tennessee  Infantry,  who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Hoover’s 
Gap,  in  June,  1863,  while  gallantly  leading  his  men; 
and  Samuel  P.  Claybrooke,  of  Company  D,  4th 
Tennessee  Cavalry,  who  gave  four  years  of  valiant 
service.  The  donors,  in  making  this  gift,  hope  it  will 
be  the  means  of  collecting  a library  of  valuable 
Southern  literature  and  stimulate  the  study  of 
Southern  history 


iSjiBtoriral  Srpartmrnt,  1.  i.  <£. 


Motto:  “Loyalty  to  the  Truth  of  Confederate  History.” 
Keyword  “Preparedness.”  Flower:  The  Rose. 

Miss  Marion  Salley,  Historian  General. 

V.  D.  C.  TOPICS  FOR  SEPTEMBER,  1929. 
Banks’  Expedition  from  New  Orleans  to  Texas.  Battle  of 
Mansfield  and  Pleasant  Hill. 

C.  OF  C.  TOPICS  FOR  SEPTEMBER,  1929. 

Story  of  the  Exploits  of  Admiral  Raphael  Semmes. 
Reading:  “The  Sword  in  the  Sea”  (Ticknor). 


314 


^opfederat^  1/eterap 


Confeberateb  Southern  /Ihemonal  Hssodation 


Mrs.  A.  McD.  Wilson President  General 

209  Fourteenth  Street,  N.  E„  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Mrs.  C.  B.  Bryan First  Vice  President  General 

1640  Peabody  Avenue,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Miss  Sue  H.  Walker Second  Vice  President  General 

Fayetteville,  Ark. 

Mrs.  J.  T.  Hight Treasurer  General 

Fayetteville,  Ark. 

Miss  Daisy  M.  L.  Hodgson Recording-  Secretary  General 

79OQ  Sycamore  Street,  New  Orleans,  La. 

Miss  Mildred  Rutherford Historian  General 

Athens,  Ga. 

Mrs.  Bryan  W.  Collier..  Corresponding  Secretary  General 
College  Park,  Ga. 

Mrs.  Virginia  Frazer  Boyle Poet  Laureate  General 

6S3  South  McLean  Boulevard,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Mrs.  Belle  Allen  Ross Auditor  General 

Montgomery,  Ala. 

Rev.  Giles  B.  Cooke Chaplain  General 

Mathews,  Va. 

Mrs.  L.  T.  D.  Quimby National  Organizer 

Atlanta,  Ga. 


STATE  PRESIDENTS 

Alabama — Montgomery Mrs.  R.  P.  Dexter 

Arkansas— Little  Rock Mrs.  J.  F.  Weinmann 

District  of  Columbia — Washington Mrs.  N.  P.  Webster 

Florida — Gainesville Mrs.  Townes  R.  Leigh 

Georgia— Atlanta Mrs.  William  A.  Wright 

Kentucky— Bowling  Green Miss  Jeane  D.  Blackburn 

Louisiana— New  Orleans Mrs.  James  Dinkins 

Maryland Mrs.  D.  H.  Fred 

Mississippi — Greenwood Mrs.  A.  McC.  Kimbrough 

Missouri— St.  Louis Mrs.  G.  K.  Warner 

North  Carolina— Asheville Mrs.  J.  J.  Yates 

Oklahoma— Oklahoma  City Mrs.  James  R.  Armstrong 

South  Carolina— Charleston Mrs.  S.  Cary  Beckwith 

Tennessee — Memphis Mrs.  Mary  H.  Miller 

Texas— Dallas Mrs.  S.  M.  Fields 

Virginia — Richmond Mrs.  B.  A.  Blenner 

West  Virginia — Huntington Mrs.  D.  D.  Geiger 


All  communications  for  this  Department  should  be  sent  direct  to  Mrs.  Rogers  winter.  Editor,  61  Highland  Drive,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


THE  PRESIDENT  GENERAL’S  MESSAGE 

My  Dear  Coworkers:  Another  year  of  service  has 
passed  into  history.  We  have  passed  the  thirtieth 
milestone  of  our  annual  gatherings,  and  the  recent 
convention  of  our  C.  S.  M.  A.  at  Charlotte  more 
deeply  impressed  than  ever  before  the  fact  that  a few 
of  us  began  to  feel,  but  never  so  fully  realized,  how 
few  who  faced  the  real  responsibilities  of  war  condi- 
tions as  members  of  the  Ladies’  Aid  Societies  and  the 
early  Memorial  Associations  developed  from  them 
are  still  with  us.  Few  of  the  dear  life  partners  of  the 
veterans  remain  to  cheer  and  comfort  the  remainder 
of  their  journey.  Let  me  beg  that  you  seek  out  these 
precious  ones  who  so  bravely  carried  the  burdens 
at  home  while  husbands  and  fathers  were  at  the 
battle  front,  and  help  to  make  brighter  and  happier 
the  days  that  are  gliding  so  swiftly  by.  Flowers, 
fruits,  or  some  dainty  dish  prepared  by  your  own 
hands,  will  cheer  and  bring  happiness  to  them  and 
give  to  you  the  joyous  return  of  duty  well  done. 

The  1930  reunion  is  to  meet  at  Biloxi,  Miss.,  when 
many  opportunities  will  be  given  inland  people  to 
enjoy  the  many  delightful  pleasures  of  the  sea  coast — 
surf  bathing,  fishing,  yachting,  and  besides,  the 
greatest  of  all  privileges  in  visiting  Beauvoir,  the 
home  of  the  South’s  only  President;  then  a trip  to 
New  Orleans,  the  quaint  and  most  charming  of 
Southern  cities,  with  much  of  the  Old  World  atmos- 
phere, will  be  among  the  possibilities. 

Our  New  Editor. 

We  regret  that  on  account  of  illness,  Mrs.  Leigh 
has  had  to  give  up  the  work  on  the  Veteran,  and 
we  are  to  be  congratulated  upon  having  Mrs. 
Rogers  Winter,  of  Atlanta,  assume  the  responsibility 
for  the  C.  S.  M.  A.  department  of  the  Veteran. 


Mrs.  Winter’s  long  connection  with  newspaper  and 
magazine  work  makes  her  a most  splendid  and  de- 
sirable addition  to  the  force  of  writers  for  the 
Veteran.  She  is  brilliant,  versatile,  and  capable  in 
every  way,  and,  above  all,  devoted  to  the  Memorial 
work  and  to  every  phase  of  activity  representing  the 
South  and  her  traditions.  Send  to  Mrs.  Winter,  at 
61  Highland  Drive,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  any  matter  of 
interest  affecting  the  work  of  the  C.  S.  M.  A. 

It  will  be  a source  of  gratification  to  the  many 
friends  of  our  dear  Chaplain  General,  Giles  B.  Cook, 
to  learn  that  he  returned  to  his  home  from  the  re- 
union in  good  health  and  spirits,  and  is  looking  for- 
ward in  the  hope  of  joining  his  old  comrades  at  Bi- 
loxi in  1930.  May  a kind  Providence  grant  this  wish. 

Yours  with  affectionate  remembrance  of  all  your 
kindly  consideration.  Mrs.  A.  McD.  Wilson, 

President  General  C.  S.M.  A. 


C.  S.  M.  A.  NOTES. 

The  June  meeting  of  the  Atlanta  (Ga.)  Ladies’ 
Memorial  Association  was  given  over  to  reports  of 
the  convention  at  Charlotte,  interesting  talks  being 
made  by  Mrs.  William  A.  Wright,  Georgia  President; 
Mrs.  Nathan  Bedford  Forrest,  C.  S.  M.  A.  Chairman 
for  the  Stone  Mountain  Memorial;  Mrs.  Rogers 
Winter  and  Mrs.  Spencer  Atkinson.  Plans  were 
discussed  also  for  raising  the  $500  pledged  by  the 
Ladies’  Memorial  Association  to  the  Stone  Mountain 
Memorial.  This  money  will  go  toward  completing 
the  amount  pledged  by  the  C.  S.  M.  A.  at  Charlotte. 

* * * 

The  Junior  Confederated  Memorial  Association  of 
Atlanta  was  unavoidably  prevented  from  having  the 
usual  number  of  meetings  during  the  past  year,  but 
the  children,  under  the  direction  of  Miss  Willie 


315 


Qoi)federat^  l/eterai). 


Fort  Williams,  participated  in  the  exercises  on 
Memorial  Day  at  Oakland  Cemetery.  The  boys  and 
girls  carried  Confederate  flags  and  were  in  the  parade. 
At  the  cemetery  they  were  grouped  at  the  front  of  the 
tall  obelisk  erected  by  their  mothers  and  grand- 
mothers in  honor  of  the  Confederate  dead. 

* * sje 

One  of  the  livest  organizations  among  the  children 
is  the  Junior  Association  at  Huntingdon,  W.  Va., 
Mrs.  Myra  Wright,  President,  which  has  a large  and 
growing  association.  Eighteen  new  members  have 
been  enrolled  since  the  convention  in  Charlotte. 
This  Association  met  on  July  2,  and  had  a Very  in- 
teresting program.  It  now  numbers  nearly  ninety 
members. 

Several  new  Associations  have  been  formed  during 
the  past  year,  notably  the  one  in  Charlotte,  N.C., 
of  which  Mrs.  I.  W.  Faison  is  President.  To  Mrs. 
Faison  and  the  association  in  Charlotte  belongs  the 
appreciation  and  thanks  of  the  C.  S.  M.  A.  for  the 
splendid  way  in  which  the  convention  was  enter- 
tained. Everything  possible  was  done  for  the 
pleasure  and  comfort  of  the  delegates,  and  two 
beautiful  luncheons  were  among  the  most  delightful 
events  of  the  convention. 


A MESSAGE  FROM  THE  EDITOR. 

My  first  communication  as  editor  for  the  Con- 
federated Southern  Memorial  Association  is  a plea  to 
every  Association  to  please  send  in  interesting  reports 
of  the  work  done  by  the  associations  each  month,  in 
order  that  I may  take  from  these  reports  a summary 
to  be  used  in  a column  devoted  regularly  to  the  ac- 
tivities of  the  various  Chapters.  I am  dependent  on 
the  cooperation  of  the  Chapters  for  the  material  to 
be  used  in  the  two  pages  assigned  to  the  C.  S.  M.  A. 
in  the  Veteran.  I wish  to  make  the  department 
interesting,  and  I ask  you  to  assist.  The  Associa- 
tions will  find  that  each  one  derives  inspiration  and 
help  from  such  an  interchange  of  news. 

Will  each  one  do  her  part  in  order  that  I may  do 
mine  well? 

Also,  please,  as  individuals,  send  me  letters  sug- 
gesting things  you  would  like  to  read  about.  I will  be 
glad  to  try  to  follow  such  suggestions  when  I can. 

Mary  Carter  Winter,  C.  S.  M.  A.  Editor. 


C.  S.  M.  A.  COMMITTEE  ON  STONE 
MOUNTAIN. 

The  report  of  the  Stone  Mountain  work  of  the 
C.  S.  M.  A.  was  read  on  the  second  morning  of  the 
convention  assembled  in  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  by  the 
Chairman,  Mrs.  N.  B.  Forrest,  and  an  appeal  for 
funds  to  carry  on  this  wonderful  work  was  made  after 
the  report.  A beautiful  talk  was  given  by  Mrs. 
Rogers  Winter,  describing  this  gigantic  undertaking, 
and  telling  of  the  need  of  moral  as  well  as  financial 
support  from  this  organization. 

Mrs.  Winter’s  address  was  followed  by  a talk  by 
Mrs.  William  A.  Wright,  State  President  of  Georgia 
and  President  of  the  Atlanta  Ladies’  Memorial 
Association,  who  stated  that  she  had  striven  for  five 
years  to  have  this  organization  go  on  record  as  con- 
tributing financially  to  this  work,  as  only  money,  not 
words,  could  build  this  monument ; and  she  promised 
to  raise  through  her  association  $500,  provided  the 
association  in  the  C.  S.  M.  A.  would  meet  her  pledge 
with  another  $500. 

Subscriptions  were  quickly  received  from  the  fol- 
lowing associations  and  members: 


Atlanta  Ladies  Memorial  Association $ 500 

New  Orleans  Ladies  Memorial  Association. . . 101 

Augusta,  Ga.,  Ladies  Memorial  Association.  . 102 

Mary  Taliaferro  Thompson  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation, Washington,  D.  C 50 

Athens,  Ga.,  Ladies  Memorial  Association. . . 50 

Charlotte,  N.  C.,  Confederate  Memorial 

Association 50 

Montgomery,  Ala.,  Ladies  Memorial  Associa- 
tion   50 

Jefferson  Davis  Memorial  Association,  Okla- 
homa City,  Okla 100 

Dallas,  Tex.,  Ladies  Memorial  Association. . . 5 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  Ladies  Memorial  Associa- 
tion   50 

Asheville,  N.  C.,  Confederated  Memorial  Asso- 
ciation   5 

Atlanta  Junior  Memorial  Association 10 

Jefferson  Davis  Junior  Memorial  Association, 

Montgomery,  Ala 10 

Mrs.  A.  McD.  Wilson,  Atlanta,  Ga 10 

Mrs.  Beach,  Huntington,  W.  Va 5 

Miss  Kate  White,  Knoxville,  Tenn 5 

Mrs.  R.  P.  Dexter,  Montgomery,  Ala 5 

Mrs.  William  C.  Walde,  New  York  City 5 

Mrs.  O.  T.  Millard,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla ...  5 

Miss  Phoebe  Frazer,  Memphis,  Tenn 5 

Mrs.  McCallister 2 


Total $1,125 


Mrs.  N.  B.  Forrest,  Chairman. 


316 


Qogfederat^  l/eterap. 


Sons  of  Confederate  Deterans 


John  Ashley  Jones,  Commander  in  Chief,  Atlanta,  Ga. 


GENERAL  OFFICERS. 


DEPARTMENT  COMMANDERS. 


Walter  L.  Hopkins,  Richmond,  Va Adjutant  in  Chief 

James  F.  Terrell,  Jr.,  New  Orleans,  La Inspector  in  Chief 

J.  S.  Utley,  Little  Rock,  Ark Judge  Advocate  in  Chief 

Dr.  James  H.  Eckenrode,  Richmond,  Va Historian  in  Chief 

Dr.  George  R.  Tabor,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla Surgeon  in  Chief 

Maj.  Paul  R.  Younts,  Charlotte,  N.  C ...  .Quartermaster  in  Chief 

Clifton  Ratcliff,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla Commissary  in  Chief 

Dr.  Luther  Little,  Charlotte,  N.  C Chaplain  in  Chief 


EXECUTIVE  COUNCIL. 


John  Ashley  Jones,  Chairman. 

N.  B.  Forrest,  Secretary 

R.  G.  Lamkin 

Albert  C.  Anderson 

J.  Edward  Jones 

Judge  Edgar  Scurry 

Jesse  Anthony 


Atlanta,  Ga. 

Atlanta,  Ga. 

Roanoke,  Va. 

Ripley,  Miss. 

•Oklahoma,  City,  Okla. 
. . . .Wichita  Falls,  Tex. 
. . . .Washington,  D.  C. 


COMMITTEE  CHAIRMEN. 


Arthur  H.  Jennings,  Historical Lynchburg,  Va. 

A.  W.  Taber,  Relief Austin,  Tex. 

J.  L.  Highsaw,  Monument Memphis,  Tenn. 

John  H.  Robertson,  Memorial Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

John  Ashley  Jones,  Textbook Atlanta,  Ga. 

Lucius  L.  Moss,  Finance Lake  Charles,  La. 

Dr.  Mathew  Page  Andrews,  American  Legion  History. 

Baltimore,  Md. 

John  Ashley  Jones,  Stone  Mountain Atlanta,  Ga. 


Charles  T.  Norman,  Richmond,  Va.. . Army  of  Northern  Virginia 

Albert  C.  Anderson,  Ripley,  Miss Army  of  Tennessee 

J.  E.  Jones,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla Army  of  Trans-Mississippi 

DIVISION  COMMANDERS. 

Maj.  Jere  C.  Dennis,  Dadeville Alabama 

John  L.  Carter,  Little  Rock Arkansas 

David  Junius  Carter,  1514  Kimball  Building,  Chicago Illinois 

Rufus  W.  Pearson,  1130  Barr  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

District  of  Columbia  and  Maryland 
H.  B.  Grubbs,  320  Broadway,  Eastern  Division,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


John  Z.  Reardon,  Tallahassee Florida 

Dr.  W.  R.  Dancy,  Savannah Georgia 

William  C.  G.  Hobbs,  Lexington Kentucky 

Joseph  Roy  Price,  419-20  Giddens-Lane  Building,  Shreveport. 

Louisiana. 

W.  F.  Riley,  Sr.,  Tupelo Mississippi 

Edward  C.  Fisher,  6219  Pershing,  St.  Louis Missouri 

Dr.  G.  R.  Tabor,  Oklahoma  City Oklahoma 

A.  D.  Marshall,  Pacific  Division Seattle,  Wash. 

John  M.  Kinard,  Newberry South  Carolina 

John  Hallberg,  Chattanooga Tennessee 

E.  C.  McCarver,  Orange Texas 

Charles  T.  Norman,  Richmond Virginia 

George  W.  Sidebottom,  Huntington West  Virginia 


All  communications  for  this  department  should  be  sent  direct  to  J.  R.  Price,  Editor,  419-20  Giddens-Lane  Building,  Shreveport,  La. 


UNDER  THE  NEW  ADMINISTRATION. 

From  the  Commander  in  Chief. 
General  Orders  No.  1. 

1.  By  virtue  of  my  election  as  Commander  in 
Chief  of  the  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans  at  the 
thirty-fourth  annual  convention,  held  in  Charlotte, 
N.  C.,  June  4-7,  I have  assumed  command  of  the 
Departments,  Divisions,  Brigades,  and  Camps  com- 
prising the  confederation.  This  is  done  with  a pro- 
found sense  of  the  weighty  responsibility  and  with  a, 
deep  feeling  of  gratitude  for  the  sentiment  which  has 
generously  called  me  to  the  high  position  of  Com- 
mander in  Chief. 

2.  I hereby  officially  announce  the  reelection  by 
the  Executive  Council  of  Walter  L.  Hopkins,  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  as  Adjutant  in  Chief.  At  the  request  of 
the  Adjutant  in  Chief,  he  has  been  bonded  in  the 
Fidelity  and  Casualty  Company  in  the  sum  of  five 
thousand  ($5,000)  dollars.  Camps  will  make  all 
checks  payable  to  Walter  L.  Hopkins,  Adjutant  in 
Chief,  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans.  It  is  with 
pleasure  I announce  the  election  by  the  convention  of 
Col.  Charles  T.  Norman,  Richmond,  Va.,  Com- 
mander Army  of  Northern  Virginia  Department; 
Albert  C.  Anderson,  Ripley,  Miss.,  Commander  Army 
of  Tennessee  Department;  Edward  Jones,  Oklahoma 
City,  Okla.,  Commander  Army  of  Trans-Mississippi, 
Department;  Dr.  H.  J.  Eckenrode,  Richmond,  Va., 
Historian  in  Chief;  and  John  D.  Paul  Washington, 
N.  C.,  member  of  the  Executive  Council. 

3.  Camps  are  urgently  requested  to  send  to  Adju- 
tant in  Chief  Hopkins  all  dues  collected  as  soon  as  the 
members  pay  in  order  that  the  members  may  be  issued 


membership  cards  signed  by  the  Adjutant  in  Chief 
and  countersigned  by  the  Adjutant  of  their  Camp. 
The  Adjutant  in  Chief’s  office  will  be  open  at  all 
times,  and  you  can  be  assured  that  all  business  per- 
taining to  the  Sons’  organization  will  receive  prompt 
attention. 

4.  I desire  to  call  the  attention  of  the  members  of 
the  Confederation  to  the  wonderful  progress  made 
under  the  administration  of  the  retiring  Commander 
in  Chief,  Edmond  R.  Wiles.  Under  his  leadership  a 
great  deal  of  constructive  work  was  accomplished. 
It  is  the  hope  of  your  Commander  in  Chief  that  each 
member  of  the  confederation  will  give  the  present 
officers  the  same  loyal  support  and  cooperation 
which  was  rendered  by  him  to  the  officers  for  the 
past  year. 

5. 1 wish  to  announce  the  reappointment  of  J.  Roy 
Price,  419-20  Giddens-Lane  Building,  Shreveport, 
La.,  as  Editor  of  the  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans’ 
Department  in  the  Confederate  Veteran.  It  is 
the  earnest  desire  of  your  Commander  in  Chief  that 
every  member  of  the  confederation  subscribe  to  the 
Confederate  Veteran,  and  that  all  Camp  and 
Division  Officers  send,  monthly,  news  items  con- 
cerning their  Camps  or  Divisions  to  Comrade  Price 
for  publication  therein.  By  doing  this,  Camp  and 
Division  officers  can  keep  in  touch  with  each  other. 

6.  The  Commander  in  Chief  avails  himself  of  this 
opportunity  to  thank  his  comrades  throughout  the 
entire  organization  for  the  confidence  in  him  as  ex- 
pressed by  electing  him  to  the  highest  office  within 
their  gift.  He  earnestly  hopes  that  the  members  and 
officers  of  the  confederation  will  carry  the  message  of 


317 


Qopfederat:^  l/eterai). 


the  high  principles  and  ideals  for  which  our  organiza- 
tion stands  to  the  people  throughout  the  country, 
that  all  may  hear  it  and  understand  the  position  the 
Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans  have  taken  in  the 
sffairs  of  the  nation  and  the  work  it  is  accomplishing 
for  the  good  of  the  South  and  our  reunited  country. 

John  Ashley  Jones,  Commander  in  Chief. 

Resolution  to  Amend  Constitution 
Be  it  resolved  by  the  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans, 
in  convention  assembled  at  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  that 
the  Constitution  of  the  Confederation  be  amended  by 
the  addition  of  a Section  to  Article  VI,  as  follows: 
“The  office  of  Publicity  Director  is  hereby  estab- 
lished, the  incumbent  to  be  one  of  the  general  officers 
of  the  organization,  to  be  elected  or  appointed  at  the 
same  time  and  in  the  same  manner  as  other  general 
officers. 

“It  shall  be  the  duty  of  such  officer  to  appoint 
publicity  directors  for  each  department,  division,  and 
camp.  He  shall  be  ex-officio  editor  of  the  Sons  of 
Confederate  Veterans’  Department  of  the  Veteran, 
and  shall  require  monthly  reports  of  all  news  events 
from  each  director.  He  shall  use  such  means  as  may 
seem  to  him  advisable  to  bring  the  benefits  of  the 
organization  before  eligibles  and  keep  the  public 
posted  as  to  the  activities  of  the  membership.” 

Until  the  said  amendment  is  acted  upon  officially, 
the  Commander  in  Chief  is  requested  to  appoint 
some  one  as  Publicity  Director. 

Resolution  of  Thanks. 

Resolved,  That  the  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans  in 
convention  assembled  at  Charlotte,  N.  C.,  June  6, 
1929,  do  hereby  thank  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  for  the  generous  act  and  friendly  gesture  in 
passing  an  act  and  defraying  the  expenses  of  the 
United  States  Marine  Band  that  they  might  come 
to  this  reunion  and  add  so  greatly  to  the  pleasure  of 
those  attending.  We  feel  that  this  demonstrates  to 
the  world  that  this  is  a great  united  nation  and  no 
thought  of  schism  exists  in  the  mind  of  anyone. 

We  express  our  appreciation  to  the  leader  and 
members  of  the  Marine  Band  for  their  generous  and 
unfailing  desire  to  give  pleasure  at  all  times. 

Be  it  further  resolved,  That  the  Sons  of  Confederate 
Veterans,  in  convention  assembled,  extend  the 
unanimous  thanks  of  our  organization  and  of  every 
official,  delegate,  alternate,  and  visitor  to: 

The  government  and  officials  of  the  city  of  Char- 
lotte, and  to  the  government  and  officials  of  Mecklen- 
burg County,  and  to  the  State  of  North  Carolina  and 
the  governor  thereof.  s 

To  the  Reunion  Committee,  in  making  the  reunion 
and  convention  of  the  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans 


one  of  the  best  in  the  history  of  the  organization,  and 
especially  to  our  Comrade,  Edmond  R.  Wiles,  Com- 
mander in  Chief  and  Business  Manager  of  the  Re- 
union, for  his  untiring  efforts  in  our  behalf. 

To  Comrade  Nathan  Sharp,  Manager,  and  the 
officers  and  members  of  the  Southern  Manufacturers’ 
Club,  for  allowing  us  the  use  of  its  ball  room  in  which 
to  hold  our  meetings  and  for  the  many  other  cour- 
tesies extended  to  us  during  our  stay  in  Charlotte. 

To  the  civic  and  patriotic  organizations  of  Char- 
lotte in  making  the  stay  of  the  Sons  of  Confederate 
Veterans  in  Charlotte  a pleasant  one. 

To  our  Comrade,  Dr.  Addison  Brenizer,  and  the 
other  officers  and  members  of  Stonewall  Jackson 
Camp  No.  23,  Sons  of  Confederate  Veterans,  for 
their  whole-hearted  cooperation  and  untiring  efforts 
to  make  this  convention  the  most  successful  that 
has  ever  been  held. 

To  all  of  the  newspapers,  especially  of  Charlotte, 
for  their  cooperation  and  the  giving  so  generously  of 
their  valuable  space  to  the  reunion  activities;  and 
to  the  railroads  of  the  country  for  their  efficient 
service  in  handling  the  reunion  and  convention  dele- 
gates and  visitors. 

To  the  United  Daughters  of  the  Confederacy  for 
their  many  entertainments  in  our  behalf. 

To  the  police  department  for  its  efficient  and 
courteous  service;  to  the  Boy  and  Girl  Scouts  for 
for  their  hearty  cooperation;  to  the  management  of 
the  Selwyn  Hotel  for  its  efficient,  gracious,  and 
courteous  treatment;  and 

To  the  citizens  and  organizations  of  Charlotte  and 
all  others  who  have  contributed  so  much  to  make  this 
reunion  and  convention  one  which  will  be  long  re- 
membered by  all  of  those  who  attended. 


WHY  FORT  DONELSON  WAS 
SURRENDERED. 

(Continued  from  page  303.) 

probable,  as  night  would  have  prevented  the  enemy 
from  recovering  the  road.  The  second  mistake  is  to 
me  inexplicable.  Certain  it  is  that  some  of  our  troops 
would  have  come  out.  I think  three-fourths  of  them. 
But  suppose  only  one-half,  it  would  have  been  better. 

I was  never  so  surprised  as  I was  when  General 
Floyd  had  me  waked  up  at  about  2 A.M.,  on 
the  16th,  and  informed  me  that  surrender  was  in 
contemplation  I believe  we  could  have  beaten 
them  back  next  day  (16th),  and  had  it  been  the  last 
instead  of  the  first  year  of  the  war,  we  would  have 
done  so.  But  still,  when  Buckner  said  his  men  were 
fagged  out  and  couldn’t  fight  any  more,  and  so  with 
others,  save  the  Virginians  and  Mississipians,  there 
was  great  hazard  in  riskng  it.  Peter  J.  Otey. 


318 


Qo^federat^  l/eterai) 


ANOTHER  VIEW  ON  SLAVERY 

BY  D.  J.  CATER,  SAN  ANTONIO,  TEX. 

The  article  in  the  March  Veteran  on  “The  South 
and  Uncle  Tom’s  Cabin”  has  prompted  me  to  add  a 
short  article  copied  from  my  unpublished  manuscript 
which  relates  some  of  my  boyhood  experiences  and 
my  part  in  the  “Lincoln”  war,  as  taken  from  memo- 
randa which  I kept  as  a soldier.  The  story  runs  thus: 

“Our  move  from  the  old  home  near  Mansfield,  La., 
in  the  year  1855,  to  our  new  home,  caused  my 
mother’s  seamstress,  Sarah,  much  anxiety  and  sor- 
row, because  her  husband,  Joe,  belonged  to  another 
man  and  she  was  twenty-five  miles  from  her  husband. 
Seeing  her  distress,  father  said  he  would  make  an 
effort  to  buy  Joe,  and  that  he  would  send  me  with 
enough  money  to  induce  Joe’s  master  to  let  us  have 
him.  Somehow  father  believed  that  I could  make  a 
stronger  plea  for  Joe  than  he  could  and  would  bring 
Joe  home  with  me.  I was  only  fifteen  years  old,  but  I 
did  my  best.  Joe  was  a good  man  and  very  valuable 
to  his  owner,  who  did  not  wish  to  part  with  him  for 
any  consideration.  But  he,  too,  was  a good  man 
and  kind-hearted,  and  finally  yielded  to  my  pleadings 
and  consented  to  let  me  have  Joe  for  eleven  hundred 
dollars  in  gold,  and  Joe  went  home  with  me.  I noticed 
that  there  were  no  dry  eyes  at  the  conclusion  of  this 
transaction.  On  arriving  at  home,  Sarah  gave  me  a 


long  hug  when  she  saw  that  Joe  was  with  me,  and 
Sarah  and  Joe  were  not  the  only  persons  there  who 
were  glad  and  happy.  This  is  quite  a different  picture 
from  that  of  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe  in  her  ‘Uncle 
Tom’s  Cabin.’  I am  believing  that  Professor  Stowe, 
her  husband,  must  have  told  her  that  if  she  expected 
to  make  money  with  her  novel,  she  must  ’put  it 
strong,’  and  Harriet  did  put  it  strong.” 

In  March,  1864,  Wesley  Powell  drew  a seven  days’ 
furlough  at  Dalton,  Ga.,  when  General  Johnston  was 
granting  furloughs  to  worthy  soldiers  then  in  winter 
quarters  there.  Wesley  and  I were  private  soldiers 
in  Company  I,  19th  Louisiana  Infantry.  He  could 
not  go  home  across  the  Mississippi  River,  in  that 
short  time,  but  I had  relatives  in  Alabama,  and 
Wesley  had  the  furlough  transferred  to  me.  It  was 
on  this  seven  days’  furlough  that  I visited  the  home  of 
Judge  Green,  near  Burnt  Corn,  in  Conecuh  County, 
Ala.  With  some  of  his  family,  I listened  to  a sermon 
on  Sunday  by  one  of  his  negro  preachers.  At  its 
conclusion,  a fellow  servant  was  asked  to  pray. 
Among  other  requests  in  his  earnest  and  heartfelt 
petition,  he  asked  for  the  safe  return  of  his  young 
master,  who  was  then  a prisoner  in  the  hands  of  the 
enemy. 

Another  black  mark  for  Harriet’s  “Uncle  Tom’s 
Cabin.” 


“Lest 

We 

Forget” 


These  cuts  show  both  sides  of  our 
Marker  for  Confederate  Graves.  It 
is  made  from  the  best  grade  of  iron, 
weighs  zo  pounds,  measures  15x30 
inches,  painted  black  or  gray,  and 
approved  by  the  General  Organiza- 
tion, U.  D.  C. 

ir  PRICE,  S1.QO  EACH  -m* 
F.  O.  B.  ATTALLA 

ATTALLA  FOUNDRY  AND  MACHINE  CO. 

Attalla.  Ala. 


Mrs.  Annie  Peebles,  419  California 
Street,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla.,  is  seeking 
information  on  her  husband’s  war 
record  and  asks  that  any  surviving 
comrades  or  friends  who  knew  of  his 
service  as  a Confederate  soldier  will 
please  write  to  her.  David  Henry 
Peebles  was  born  and  reared  in  Macon, 
Ga.,  and  joined  the  army  there,  and  his 
service  was  evidently  with  Georgia 
troops. 


Inquiry  comes  from  California  for 
the  war  record  of  one  Capt.  J.  M. 
Reeves,  now  in  the  Confederate  Home 
at  San  Gabriel,  Calif.,  said  to  have 
served  with  the  54th  Alabama  Regi- 
ment, though  a native  of  Kentucky. 
Anyone  recalling  him  as  a Confederate 
•soldier  will  please  communicate  with 
the  Veteran. 


The  Chattanooga  Public  Library, 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  needs  a copy  of 
the  Veteran  for  January,  1893,  to 
complete  its  file  of  the  Veteran. 
Anyone  having  this  copy  for  sale  will 
please  write  to  Miss  Augusta  Bradford, 
care  of  the  Public  Library,  Chattanooga. 


Part  of  Paul  Whiteman's  own  33-piece  orchestra  which  the  King  of  Jazz  leads  in  every  OLD  GOLD  Hour 

Over  the  radio  . . . Old  Gold 


Asks  Nation  to  compare  the  4 leading  Cigarettes 

Here  are  the  first  returns,  as  audited  by  certified  public  accountants 


How  17,972  smokers  voted 

We  certify  that  we  have  audited  reports  received 
from  radio  fans,  showing  how  17,972  smokers 
voted  in  comparing  the  4 leading  cigarettes,  and 
that  the  following  summary  of  the  vote  is  correct. 


let  CHOICES 

RESULT 

OLD  GOLD 

8812 

49% 

Brand  X 

3879 

22% 

Brand  Y 

3103 

17% 

Brand  Z 

2178 

12% 

TOTAL  17,972 

100% 

(Signed)  WIEGNER,  ROCKEY  & CO. 

Accountants  and  Auditors 


t£  P.  Lorillard  Co.,Est.  1760 

Smoother  and  Better  . . . "NOT  A COUGH  IN  A CARLOAD” 


n n 

n n 

n n 

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 
n n 

n n 

g The  LAST  MEETING  of  g 

g LEE  and  JACKSON  g 

0 This  beautiful  picture  is  being  offered  by  the  Veteran  from  a very  : i 

0 small  stock,  only  a very  few  of  these  pictures  being  available.  It  0 

0 is  a copy  of  the  famous  painting  which  portrays  the  last  meeting  of  0 

0 Generals  Lee  and  Jackson,  just  before  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  0 

pi | and  is  in  good  size.  Offered  in  colors  or  the  plain  prints  at  $3.50,  0 

jlj  postpaid.  Orders  will  be  filled  as  received.  jlj 

g BOOK  MISCELLANIES  g 

0 Books  offered  this  month  are  from  miscellaneous  accumulations,  L 

0 with  a few  of  the  standard  works  on  Confederate  history,  which  are  0 

0 becoming  scarcer  all  the  while.  Look  over  the  list  and  order  0 

0 promptly:  0 

0 Rise  and  Fall  of  the  Confederate  Government.  By  Jefferson  0 

0 Davis.  Two  volumes $10.00  0 

0 Narrative  of  Military  Operations.  By  Gen.  Joseph  E.  John-  0 

pr  ston.  Rebound 3.00  pf 

pj  Bull  Run  to  Bull  Run.  By  Robert  W.  Baylor,  of  the  12th  p, 

LI  Virginia  Cavalry,  the  Baylor  Light  Horse 3.00  LI 

0 Cotton  Is  King  and  Pro-Slavery  Arguments.  Edited  by  A.  N.  0 

0 Elliott,  President  of  Planters'  ’ College,  Mississippi 5.00  0 

0 The  Woman  in  Battle.  By  Madame  Velasquez,  who  was  0 

pf  “Lieutenant  Buford”  of  the  Confederate  Secret  Service.  r i 

jz}  Binding  loose 3.50  0 

LI  Peace  and  War.  By  Mrs.  Roger  Pryor 3.00  Lj 

0 Florida,  Its  Scenery,  Climate,  and  History.  By  Sidney  LJ 

0 Lanier 2.50  0 

0 Letters  and  Recollections  of  George  Washington.  Compiled  0 

0 and  edited  by  a descendant  of  Tobias  Lear,  his  secretary.  0 

p;  A handsome  volume,  as  good  as  new 3.75  p: 

Lj  Life  and  Campaigns  of  Stonewall  Jackson.  By  R.  L.  Dabney.  L| 

0 Binding  loose 3.50  0 

0 Numerical  Strength  of  the  Confederate  Army.  By  R.  H.  0 

0 McKim,  D.D 2.00  0 

0 The  Young  Marooners.  By  F.  R.  Goulding.  Edition  of  1860.  2.00  pi 

jzj  Gen.  R.  E.  Lee.  By  Fitzhugh  Lee 2.00  pj 

0 ZZ  ORDER  FROM  0 

g THE  CONFEDERATE  VETERAN  g 

0 NASHVILLE,  TENN.  0 

0 0 

0 0 

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 

0 0 

0 0 

0 0 


7/.&4P9*  68+, /33  V